巻号一覧
15 巻 (1984)
- 4 号 p. 473-
- 3 号 p. 383-
- 2 号 p. 279-
- 1 号 p. 7-
15 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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Chieko OHNISHI, Mitsuyoshi GOTO, Hajime YAMASHINA, Hiroshi NAGAFUJI, S ...1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 383-389
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーBy monitoring urinary 6-hydroxycortisol (6-OHF) excretion, the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) administration on hepatic monooxygenase activity was investigated in 3 voluntreers and 3 patients and compared with that of rifampicin (RFP), one of the most potent enzyme-inducing agents. In every case, 6-OHF excretion in 3-hr urine after ingestion of 20 mg cortisol exceeded 500μg/day, which is considered an upper normal value. The percentage increase of urinary 6-OHF excretion following CBZ administration was 81 to 128% at the 7th day and 99 to 166% at the 14th day. This gradational increase of urinary 6-OHF excretion was accompanied by a corresponding decrease of CBZ plasma clearance, but not by significant elevation of plasma γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. The output of 6-OHF returned to control level 2 to 3 weeks after discontinuance of CBZ. The increase in 6-OHF excretion induced by CBZ appeared to be comparable to that by RFP. These results indicate that CBZ appears to have marked enzyme-inducing ability which may result in diminished efficacy of some drugs when coadministered, and that the enzyme-inducing effect of CBZ is as potent as that of RFP.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (855K) -
錠剤での検討中島 光好1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 391-398
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPlasma concentrations after FK235 4 mg tablets in single administration were measured for 6 healthy male volunteers.
The absorption of the tablet was slightly delayed in comparison with the soft capsule, and the plasma concentration after dosing with the tablet was slightly lower than with soft capsule but no significant difference.
Further, a multiple-dose trial of the FK235 tablet (14 days) with 9 healthy male volunteers was performed to investigate the tolerance and pharmacodynamics. Mild and transient clinical symptoms such as facial flush and headache were encountered in the multiple-dose trial. FK235 caused a slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure but virtually no effect on systolic blood pressure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (867K) -
小林 真一, 大庭 忠弘, 小口 勝司, 坂本 浩二, 安原 一, 鈴木 孝幸, 車 勇1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 399-405
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068), a thienothiazine derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, was studied with 5 healthy male volunteers, 5 elderly male patients, and 4 bedridden elderly female patients. After a single oral administration of 10 mg tenoxicam, the concentrations of tenoxicam in the venous blood and a metabolite of tenoxicam (5'-hydroxy-tenoxicam) in urine were determined at various times by HPLC.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of tenoxicam were calculated by a one-compartment model. The respective Cmax, Tmax, Cl, T1/2, AUC, and Kel between the healthy volunteers and elderly patients were similar in level. The apparent Vd in the healthy volunteers and elderly male and female patients were 0.147, 0.192, and 0.273l/kg, respectively, and the apparent Vd in elderly patients was significantly larger than that in healthy volunteers (P<0.005).
Tenoxicam was not detected in urine and cumulative urinary excretion rate of 5'-hydroxy-tenoxicam in elderly patients was lower than that of the healthy volunteers. The respective serum albumin levels in the healthy volunteers and elderly male and female patients were 4.56, 3.68, and 3.60 g/dl. The correlation between serum albumin levels and age was obtained to be y=-0.017x+4.9 (r=0.805, P<0.001) and the correlation between serum albumin levels and apparent Vd was y=-6.437x+5.235 (r=-0.669, P<0.01). The bioavailability of tenoxicam was about 100% and the protein binding of tenoxicam was 98.5% . From these results, it may be concluded that the increased apparent Vd of tenoxicam in elderly patients was caused by decreased albumin levels in these patients.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (767K) -
NadololとPropranololとの比較中島 光好, 大口 貞雄, 橋本 久邦1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 407-416
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーGroups of 6 healthy male subjects were respectively given single oral doses of placebo, nadolol, 20, 40 or 80 mg (Corgard®, Squibb, England), or propranolol, 20 or 40 mg (Inderal®, ICI, Japan). Exercise tests using a bicycle ergometer were performed with the subjects in supine position before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after administration.
The double products at rest and during exercise were most markedly inhibited at 2 hours after administration of either nadolol or propranolol. Subsequently, the action of propranolol rapidly diminished, whereas nadolol, at each dose level, showed significant inhibion.
The elimination half-lives of unchanged compounds in the blood were 14.0 hours for nadolol at 40 mg and 3.8 hours for propranolol at 40 mg, corresponding well with their pharmacological half-lives (17.9 hours and 7.2 hours, respectively).
Hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI), were most markedly inhibited at 2 hours after administration of nadolol or propranolol.
Hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI), were most markedly inhibited at 2 hours after administration of nadolol or propranolol.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1180K) -
伊藤 公晴, 小林 信義, 千葉 進, 枝村 正人, 松本 博之1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 417-423
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPrimidone in a dosage of 100 to 1000 mg with a mean of 400 mg was orally administered to 13 patients with essential tremor, whose age ranged from 44 to 88 with a mean of 64. Clinical evaluation was based on tremor score, hand writing, and of daily life activities. Serum drug levels of primidone, phenobarbital, and phenylethylmalonamide were measured in some patients in contrast to the clinical assessments. The results obtained were as follows.
1. Primidone was effective in 10 out of 13 patients (76.9%).
2. Dose-related benefits were present under the daily dosage of 400 mg, and the initial dose of 100 mg with gradual increase of 50-100 mg each at 3-to 4-day intervals considered to be appropriate.
3. Neither primidone, phenobarbital, nor phenylethylmalonamide showed close correlation between serum concentration and effectiveness for tremor.
4. Side-effects such as dizziness, sleepiness, and nausea were occasionally encountered, which, however, were preventable by starting primidone from a low dose as mentioned above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (745K) -
744名の各種検査結果の検討安田 耕太郎, 石井 和歌子, 木村 良司, 戸井田 ヨシ子, 椎名 明, 高沢 謙二1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 425-435
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーHistory-taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed in 744 male volunteers (20-28, mean 21 years old). In 228 of 577 (39.5%) volunteers in whom all of the above examinations could be performed, some kinds of abnormalities were recognized. The abnormalities included ECG findings (149/577, 25.8%), laboratory tests (37/577, 6.4%), physical examinations (7/577, 2.1%), past/familiar histories (23/577, 4.0%), and others (12/577, 2.1%). Regarding the incidence of ECG abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy was the most common (18.9%), followed by sinus arrythmia (12.3%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (8.3%). The W-P-W syndrome (8/228, 3.5%), complete right bundle branch block (6/228, 2.6%), and first degree of atrioventricular block (5/228, 2.2%) were in particular first noted in this study. In the laboratory tests, the greatest incidence of abnormality was recognized in the positive HBs antigen (16/744, 2.2%), with proteinuria (6/577, 1.0%) next, and the other abnormalities being less than 1.0%.
The present study indicated a high incidence of abnormalities in the physical/laboratory findings even in asymptomatic young males who felt healthy. Therefore, it is suggested that further assessment of standardization and evaluations of screening tests of “normal and healthy” volunteers should be strictly made especially for the choice of volunteers who would participate in Phase I studies of the safety of newly developed drugs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1590K) -
Quinidineの吸収阻止本田 義輝, 岩奥 玲子, 中野 尚美, 中野 眞汎1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 437-443
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーBeads were prepared from a cation exchange resin by a method similar to that for prepration of activated carbon beads. In an in vitro adsorption test using quinidine as a cationic drug, no reduction of the adsorbing capacities of activated carbon or of cation exchange resin was observed by incorporation into agar beads. The adsorbing capacity of cation exchange resin for quinidine tended to decrease in the presence of sodium chloride and saline purgatives such as sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, whereas that of activated carbon was slightly increased in the presence of the salts.
In a human study, both activated carbon beads and cation exchange resin beads taken at 20 min after administration of quinidine effectively reduced absorption of quinidine without significant difference in the degree of reduction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (921K) -
手指機能テスト楠 正, 佐久間 昭, 上田 敏, 木船 義久, 菱川 保1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 445-453
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2011/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIn a previous study we established a method for assessment of the motor function in hemiplegia, which standardized tests for assessing recovery in the impaired side of the upper and lower extremities. This report describes a succeeding study carried out for assessment of the functional improvements of impaired fingers.
A total of 277 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were enrolled for evaluation of the 26 test items of the “finger motor function”. Guttman's scalogram analysis suggested a unidimensional property not only in the original 26 itemes but also in the 9 items selected to determine a standard scale of 0-12 grades. Guttman's coefficient of reproducibility and Nishisato's PPR* (plus percentage ratio) for the 9 items were 0.940 and 0.713, respectively.
Factor analysis, on the other hand, revealed a two-factor structure corresponding tothe evolution (2nd factor, F2) and dissolution (1st factor, F1) of a synergy movement pattern. The scatter diagram of factor scores (F1, F2) showed a Γ-shaped distribution composed of vertical and horizontal branches. The two-dimensional scatter diagram exhibits virtual continuity of F1 and F2, being consistent with the unidimensionality indicated by the scalogram analysis.
The patients at the stage of synergy pattern formed the vertical component and those at the dissolution stages the horizontal, the jointing corner representing the turning point from evolution to dissolution of the synergy pattern.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1027K) -
佐久間 昭, 楠 正1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 455-462
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn randomized clinical trials it is rather rare that all the subjects who entered the trial complete the trial schedule given in the protocol, and more or less“incomplete cases”, called exclusions, withdrawals and dropouts, often occur. How to deal with the data of these“incomplete cases”may critically influence the conclusion to be reached. The problem is particularly important in the clinical evaluation of new drugs. There is, however, no generally agreed upon, definite guideline for the handling of these“incomplete cases”.Since they occur in various forms it seems that uniform handling of the problem is not appropriate and handling corresponding to the nature of each will be necessary. In this article we tentatively define terms which classify the“incomplete cases”and discuss practical and valid ways to deal with the problem depending upon the purpose and character of the study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1184K) -
F. O. MÜLLER, B. H. MEYER, H.-G. GRIGOLEIT, W. HEPTNER, V. MALERC ...1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 463-468
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA sustained release capsule formulation of piretanide (6mg) pellets was compared with a standard 6 mg tablet formulation and placebo on a double blind, double dummy basis in 33 healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic parameters were determined. The relative bioavailability of piretanide from the pellets as compared to the tablets was 81% based on AUC and 87% based on urinary recovery comparison of unchanged drug.
The sustained release formulation cuts down the peak diuresis observed with the tablets in the first 2-hour period by about 50%. The duration of the diuretic effect is more than doubled in comparison to the standard tablet without loss of overall pharmacodynamic activity (diuresis and saluresis). The potassium excretion with both formulations was in the order of magnitude of placebo.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (614K) -
津谷 喜一郎, 張 循範, 山本 憲男, 佐久間 昭1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. 469-472
発行日: 1984/09/30
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThree herbal pharmaceuticals and Chinese medical prescriptions, “Yokuinin” extract, “Oren-to”extract, and “Sho-saiko-to”extract, were subjected to a sensory difference test with a panel of 20 members. The first 2 were contrasted to placebo preparations and the last to a preparation of different lot. They were examined in three forms: powder; water soluble form; and hot-water soluble form. For all of the pharmaceuticals, the duo-trio test proved more sensitive in discrimination than the pair test. As for the powder preparations of “Yokuinin”and “Oren-to”, the true and placebo preparations were not discriminated, but those dissolved in water or hot water were discriminated at the 5% level. The different lots of “Sho-saiko-to”were mainly differentiated in the powder but not in the forms dissolved in water and in hot water. This result indicates that clinical trials should be carried out with preparations of the same lot and that strict quality control of pharmaceuticals is required in the manufacturing process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (460K) -
1984 年 15 巻 3 号 p. e1
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2011/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1124K)
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