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Volume 29 (1998)
- Issue 6 Pages 837-
- Issue 5 Pages 771-
- Issue 4 Pages 699-
- Issue 3 Pages 401-
- Issue 1-2 Pages 1-
Volume 29, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yuji KUMAGAI, Shinichi YOKOTA, Shinano ISAWA, Tomoe WATANABE, Mika SAW ...1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 699-705
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMizolastine is a new peripherally acting histamine H1 receptor antagonist, which is metabolized by the liver both through conjugation and by cytochrome-P450 (CYP). It is reported that aging affects the pharmacokinetics of some drugs metabolized by the liver. Therefore, we performed a parallel group comparison of the pharmacokinetics of mizolastine in elderly and young subjects. The subjects were 12 apparently healthy male volunteers (6 elderly subjects aged 65 to 67 years and 6 younger subjects aged 20 to 24 years). Each subject was administered a tablet containing 10 mg of mizolastine at 9: 00 in the morning following an overnight fast. Blood sampling for the determination of plasma concentration of mizolastine was performed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after mizolastine administration. Mizolastine was well tolerated by the younger subjects, while symptoms such as sleepiness were noted by the elderly. The plasma concentration of mizolastine was higher in the elderly than in the young (p=0.010, a group effect by repeated measured ANOVA). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was higher in the elderly (283.8±44.0 vs 222.2±30.1 ng/ml: elderly vs young, mean±S. D., p=0.018 by t-test) and area under the curve for 24 hours (AUC (0→24 hr)) was also larger in the elderly (2308±472 vs 1527±398 ng·hr/ml, p=0.011). Although time to reach Cmax was identical in the two groups, the elimination half life (t1/2) was longer in the elderly (8.8±1.9 vs 6.4±1.3 hours, p=0.030). It is considered that a change in the dosage regimen is not needed in the elderly, as the increase in the plasma concentration among elder subjects was about 50%, however careful observation of the subjective symptoms is desirable since sleepiness was only found in the elderly.View full abstractDownload PDF (871K) -
Kiyotaka HIRATA, Yoshiaki MATSUMOTO, Mitsuo MATSUMOTO, Masamichi FUKUO ...1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 707-714
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pharmacokinetic parameters of the intravenous anesthetic drug propofol were investigated. Propofol was administered using an infusion pump at variable rates (10, 8, 6 and 4 mg/kg/hr) to 15 Japanese patients undergoing surgery, as part of a protocol for the induction of general anesthesia that included the use of nitrous oxide and muscle relaxants. The weight of the patients was 56±10 kg (mean±SD). The blood propofol concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography and ECD detection. Blood propofol concentrations were also measured when the patients awoke. The blood propofol concentrations were fitted by a three-compartment model using the maximum likelihood estimation. Bias, accuracy and precision between the measured and the predicted blood concentrations were calculated using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained.
The obtained elimination clearance (CL), of 49 ml/kg/min, was greater than that reported in a different propofol study in which the weight of the patients was 71±17 kg. The blood propofol concentration when the patients opened their eyes in response to a verbal command was 793.0±67 ng/ml (mean±SD). The prediction error calculated from our parameters (mean absolute error, 0.12, root mean squared error, 0.078), particularly that at awakening, was significantly smaller than that calculated from parameters obtained in a previous report. The pharmacokinetic parameters in this study were useful for the prediction of the propofol blood concentration, as was the application of a computer controlled infusion pump technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (1019K) -
Kazuhiro HARADA, Masashi ARAKAWA, Shoji YAMAZAKI, Eiji KOBAYASHI, Akio ...1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 715-720
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated using questionnaires the present status of the transmission of information to clinicians regarding drug interactions. To 140 doctors, we asked the following questions, showing seven representative examples of drug interactions; 1) Do you have knowledge of the drug interactions and consider them in daily practice? 2) Where do you obtain the information? 3) What do you think about the present status of the information regarding drug interactions and who should povide such information? We received 110 responses and the following results were obtained. Drug interactions by sorivudine and fluorouracil analogs, and terfenadine and erythromycin, which were warned by emergency safety information, and fluoroquinolones and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were well transmitted and recognized by doctors; The percentages of the doctors who knew about such interactions were 80%, 75% and 80%, respectively. However, other drug interactions shown in the questionnaire were not well recognized. The percentages of the doctors who prescribed the drugs without particular attention to the interactions in daily practice were 29% for tetracyclines and drugs containing aluminium or magnesium ions, 19% for rifampicin and calcium-channel blockers, 13% for digoxin and verapamil, 12% for theophylline and fluoroquinolones. The largest source of the information regarding drug interactions was pharmaceutical companies (60%), followed by drug package inserts (37%), magazines or books (34%), etc. Eighty-five percent of the doctors answered that sufficient information regarding drug interactions was lacking, and 92% of the doctors expected pharmaceutical companies to provide such information. These results indicate that it is necessary to improve the transmission system of the information regarding drug interactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (4585K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 723-726
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (670K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 727-730
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (564K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 731-739
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 741-744
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 745-747
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 749-753
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 755-758
Published: July 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (594K)
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