Criticism has centered on the lack of explanation in medical malpractice suits. The purpose of this paper is to find what practitioners should do besides givingmuch information. From 55 judgments of district courts dealt with malpractice in Japan, we extracted and categorized patient's complaints about informed consentand practitioner-patient relationship. In conclusion, practitioner's attitude need to be improved on such three points: not to underestimate patient's complaints of pain or anxiety, to respond patient's questions enough, and not to treat patients arrogantly.

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Contemporary managerial environment around Japanese General Hospitals (JGHs) is getting more stringent. Therefore, JGHs might have to implement TQM, in order to realize their relevant profits and patients' satisfaction for their own healthcare. In this research, its aim is to verify a hypothetical TQM model of JGHs and construct their conceptual TQM model, conducting factor analysis and doing covariance structure analysis on returned questionnaires of 61(53%) general hospitals. In their conceptual model, its standardized regression coefficient showed that hospital culture gave a larger impact on hospital's management performance and its implementation of quality improvement, and that hospital institutions made a larger effect on hospital systems and its quality outcomes.

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The purpose of this study is to find out how the medically induced HIV patients were notified of their HIV infection and what kinds of effects the way of notification had on the doctor-patient continuous relationship. Self-reporting questionnaires were mailed to approximately 500 patients. Response rate was about 57% (n=283), 238 were subjects in this study. Approximately 60% of the subjects did not receive the notifications until 1990, or five years later than the HIV antibody test became available in Japan. About 65% of them tended to blame the time of notification, and 67% of them did not have contact with doctor who prescribed unheated blood products to the patients. We discussed some causes of the lack or delay of the notification, and patients' evaluation of the notification.

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The aim of this paper is to reconsider the mental conflicts of medical professions which are caused by the inadequate attitude between affectivity and affective neutrality. As for the method, I adopted the in-depth interview method centering on the interaction between nurses and patients and analyzed the causes of mental conflicts. This qualitative study examined (1) how affetive attitude of nurses had effectin their professional work,(2) their universalistic attitude and individual attitude caused mental conflicts as the conflicts between affectivity and affective neutrality, and (3) however, nurses could conquer such kind of conflicts through seeing their patients as the resouses of "good" individualistic attitude.

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This article reviews the literature on the concept of sexuality and questions the dominant paradigm in Japanese health science and medicine. Furthermore, it discusses the several underlying problems of the concept. A study of the literature suggests the following issues. 1) The vague conceptualdefinition of sexuality specified by SIECUS about 35 years ago has been used without critical examination. 2) Many researchers and practitioners adopt the mind and body dualism of this definition. 3) They seem to support the idea of essentialism that the sexual desire is an instinct. 4) The definition can lead to discrimination and human rights violations against sexual minorities.

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The purpose of this paper is to point out the uniqueness of goal setting and targets of health policy within New Zealand's first health policy trials. Comparing to health policy trials in other countries, the New Zealand trails is different in that it is closely connected with the health sector reform in this country. While such trials might have a possibility of improving the health status of New Zealand people, these trials, however, suffer from political riskas policy which reforms health system structures are often political targets leaving the original health status outcomes abandoned.

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