With the diversification of women's lifestyle in Japan, older childbearing is an increasing trend. At the core of the recent population experiencing their first older childbearing is the second baby boom generation(born between 1971 and 1973),while the majority of their mothers are considered to belong to the first baby boom generation (born between 1947 and 1949). Our study aimed to clarify how the relationship between these mothers and daughters (dyad) changed during the process of the daughters' pregnancy, delivery, and child rearing; furthermore, we examined the kind of future relationship they expected against the backdrop of the social norms and values that had drastically changed since the 1970s. Our results suggested that the mothers considered their relationship with their daughters to be good. Although the psychological distance between them increased as the daughters matured, they became closer again when the mothers positively supported their daughters experiencing older pregnancy. The mothers hoped to maintain the good relationship and receive care and support from their daughters.

Medicalization of childbirth has been discussed as a phenomenon after World War II. In recent years, it was revealed that childbirth in medical institutions was widespread before and during the war in urban areas. However, evidence has been limited. In this study, the author analyzes the number of childbirth in the famous medical institutions assisting child delivery in Tokyo before and during the war. The history books of the medical institutions and the investigation report regarding such institutions were examined. There were many obstetrics and gynecology hospitals or clinics in Tokyo from the mid-1930s to the early 1940s. However, most childbirth in medical institutions occurred in the small portion of medical institutions established for low-income expectant mothers. Thus, childbirth in medical institutions during this period in Tokyo was characterized as intensive.