Transactions of the Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Transactions of the Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Online ISSN : 2424-0982
ISSN-L : 0917-2246

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Backward bifurcation in an epidemic model on the immunity and reinfection

Taichi Tokuno, Toshikazu Kuniya

2024 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 33-52
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11540/jsiamt.34.2_33

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

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Abstract. In this study, we construct a mathematical epidemic model that takes into account the vaccine and infection-induced immunity and reinfection, and we investigate the bifurcation of the endemic equilibrium. In particular, we derive conditions for the occurrence of the backward bifurcation, which can cause a difficulty in controlling the epidemic. By numerical simulation, counterintuitively, we show that the backward bifurcation becomes more likely to occur as the vaccination parameters are increased.

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