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Volume 30 (2011)
- Issue 2+3+4 Pages 127･･･
- Issue 1 Pages 39-
Volume 30, Issue 2+3+4
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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REVIEW
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Rumani SINGH, Zeenia KAUL, Caroline CHEUNG, Sunil C. KAUL, Tetsuro ISH ...2011 Volume 30 Issue 2+3+4 Pages 127-134
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCARF (Collaborator of ARF) was first cloned as an ARF-interacting protein and shown to regulate the p53-p21WAF1-HDM2 pathway, a central to tumor suppression via senescence and apoptosis. Over-expression of CARF induced tumor suppressor functions of p53 resulting in premature senescence of normal human fibroblasts and growth arrest of cancer cells. On the other hand, CARF inhibition in cancer cells led to polyploidy and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In order to determine the mechanism of CARF silencing-induced apoptosis, we examined various cell death and survival pathways including the mitochondrial stress, ATM/ATR, Ras/MAP kinase and retinoblastoma cascades in cultured CARF-compromised cancer cells. We found that CARF is a pleiotropic regulator with widespread effects; its suppression affected all investigated pathways. Most remarkably, CARF-knockdown elicited DNA damage response as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated ATM and γ H2AX, leading to induction of mitotic arrest and apoptosis. We demonstrate that CARF is an essential gene that regulates the DNA damage response of cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (763K) -
Hiroko Hatano, Hideo Shigeishi, Yasusei Kudo, Koichiro Higashikawa, Ke ...2011 Volume 30 Issue 2+3+4 Pages 135-143
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman cementifying fibroma (HCF) is a maxillofacial fibro-osseous lesion, which is composed of fibrous tissue containing varying amounts of mineralized material. However, it is poorly understood because of a significant overlap of clinical, radiological, and histological features of other fibro-osseous lesions, and the process of development consisting of proliferation and differentiation is not clear.
We previously established immortalized cell lines from HCF of the jaw and found that receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM) was highly expressed in comparison with normal osteoblasts obtained from normal human mandibular bone by microarray analysis. Interestingly, exogenous HA induced the phosphorylation of CD44 and activated Raf-MEK-ERK signaling. Moreover, RHAMM was able to associate with TPX2 and played a predominant role in the cell cycle in HCF.
We also examined the roles of RHAMM in osteoblastic cells. We generated RHAMM overexpressing MC3T3-E1 cells. In MC3T3-E1 cells, overexpressing RHAMM were located intracellular and activated ERK1/2. The activated ERK1/2 by RHAMM overexpression promoted the cell proliferation and suppressed the osoteogenesis.
Our findings strongly suggest that upregulation of RHAMM is correlated with ossifying fibroma progression and osteogenesis suppression.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Mitsuhi Hirata, Shandar Ahmad, Mika Suga, Ayaka Fujiki, Hiroko Matsumu ...2011 Volume 30 Issue 2+3+4 Pages 145-157
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1998, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have been established. In 2006, mouse induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells have been developed. Since then, the hES/iPS cells have been used as a tool for understanding the mechanisms in human development and regeneration application research in the world. However, quality of these human pluripotent stem cells vary because batches of medium or feeder cells vary. If abnormal mutant cells with a growth advantage appear, they will be selectively amplified in only 5 passages. Therefore, quality controls of these cells are required as an experimental tool. In this review, we have summarized the method of basic quality control of human ES/iPS cells on the bench.View full abstractDownload PDF (1221K) -
Sumiyo Mimura, Yuko Aihara, Naohiro Kimura, Mika Suga, Mitsuhi Hirata, ...2011 Volume 30 Issue 2+3+4 Pages 159-168
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCleft lip and palate which are the commonest congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region, in some cases, are considered to be caused by a medication a mother may have taken during her pregnancy. However, there is no reliable developmental toxicity screening test that can predict cleft lip and palate. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying craniofacial development would encourage the development of alternative in vitro embryo-toxicity tests and contribute to a decreased incidence of them. During craniofacial development, neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells contribute extensively to formation of maxillofacial structures. Using the growth factor defined serum-free culture adherent monolayer condition, we developed a protocol to promote mES cell differentiation into NC cells. In the culture conditions, the effect of exogenous factors can be analyzed without confounding influences of undefined components. This protocol could be used to help clarify the mechanisms underlying craniofacial development and to assist the development of in vitro alternative developmental toxicity test for drug-induced congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K)
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