Bulletin of Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering
Online ISSN : 1883-5600
Print ISSN : 0546-0794
ISSN-L : 0546-0794
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Volume 71, Issue 2
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Paper
  • Measurements of Thermal Decomposition Rates of Several Types of Wood and Estimation of Reaction Rate Parameters
    Anyang SUN, Kazunori HARADA, Daisaku NII, Jun-ichi YAMAGUCHI
    2021 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 25-36
    Published: August 30, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2024
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.71.2_25
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Pyrolysis process governs most of the mass loss of wood when heated, so it is important to model the pyrolysis process of wood for prediction of fire resistance of timber structural elements. Thermogravimetric analysis of 9 types of wood were conducted, and the pyrolysis behavior of all samples were analyzed with a single process reaction model and a 3-components reaction model. The major mass loss occurs at about 200 - 380 °C, and a plateau appeared on the DTG curves of hardwoods like Jarrah at around 300 °C. Single process reaction model can express the pyrolysis of Douglas fir and Japanese cypress precisely, but it is not suitable for hardwoods like Jarrah and Selangan Batu. The 3-components reaction model can express the rate of pyrolysis for all 9 types of wood used in the experiments, with high calculation accuracy within a temperature range from 110 °C to about 380 °C.

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  • Survey on Fires Caused by 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake, Japan
    Nobuhito OHTSU, U HIROI, Akihiko HOKUGO
    2021 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 37-42
    Published: August 30, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2024
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.71.2_37
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this survey, we investigated regarding the fires caused by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake. As a result of telephone, face-to-face and written investigation, we were able to obtain information on 12 cases, and classified the causes and types of fires. The most common cause was candles (5 cases, 42 %), and both electrical wiring and lubricating oil were in contact with high-temperature objects (2 cases, 17 %). There were two cases with a possibility of re-energized fire (17 %).

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  • Tendency of Firefighters' Fatalities while on Duty Fire Dispatchments
    Nobuhito OHTSU, Kiminori ARAIBA, Akihiko HOKUGO, Nobuyuki ABE, Yu KIKU ...
    2021 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 43-51
    Published: August 30, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2024
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.71.2_43
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this study, we surveyed 47 fire departments that have jurisdiction over the location of prefectural offices, and investigated and grasped 62 cases of line of duty deaths during fire dispatchments from 1948 to 2019. As a result, the injurie mechanisms were 18 for building collapse, nine for thick smoke, eight for flames, six for explosions, six for illnesses during firefighting activities, and five for traffic accidents. 89 % of injuries and illnesses caused fatalities could be classified as external factors, and 11 % as internal factors. It was revealed that those in their 40s and younger have a high proportion of external factors such as trauma, while those in their 50s have a high proportion of internal factors such as myocardial infarction that developed during activity.

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