Re-examination of the holotype of the heteronemertean, Lineopselloides albilineus Gibson, 1990, hitherto only known by its original description on a single specimen from Hong Kong, indicated that the peculiar morphology of the foregut-intestine junction in the holotype, which formed the basis of the establishment of this currently monotypic genus, might have resulted from an artifact during fixation; the rhynchocoel wall ruptured inward in a region where the foregut caecum extending backward below the foregut. Six individuals referable to L. albilineus based on their external appearances were collected from four localities in Japan. All of them possessed an intestinal caecum extending anteriorly below the foregut, a feature characteristic to Aetheolineus pulcherrimus Senz, 1993, Chilineus glandulosus (Bürger, 1895), Lineopsella islandica (Friedrich, 1958), Lineopsella pacifica Friedrich, 1970, Lineopsella trilineata (Schmarda, 1859) and Micrura ambigua Friedrich, 1958. The taxonomic status of the genus Lineopselloides should be re-appraised by additional material from Hong Kong in future studies.

Microjanira pacifica sp. nov. is described from the infralittoral zone of Wakayama Prefecture, middle Japan, as the first record for the genus from the Pacific. Microjanira pacifica differs from its congener in having posterolaterally projecting pleopod 1, distolaterally expanded pleopod 2, slender appendix masculina, and the exopod of pleopod 3 shorter than half of second article of the endopod.

Paramunna koreana Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001 is reported from Japanese water for the first time. An adult male and juvenile female are described based on the Japanese material.

Four new species of Mesozoic cicada family Palaeontinidae are described from the Lower Cretaceous of Araripe, Northeast Brazil: Parawonnacottella signifer n. sp., Colossocossus acutus n. sp., Baeocossus rotundatus n. sp., and Baeocossus muratai n. sp. Furthermore, a new complete adult specimen with wings is described for the species Parawonnacottella araripensis.

The osteological illustrations and description of the cyprinid fish Hemiculter leucisculus from Taoyuan, Hunan Province, China are provided for studies on Middle Miocene fossil cyprinid fishes found in Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.