Production and seasonal development of antheridia were investigated for Pogonatum neesii (C. Mull.) Dozy, based on a population at Kochi City. Antheridium production begins in early November. Matured antheridia first appeared in mid-April. All antheridia still under development were dead by late July and no further production of antheridia was observed thereafter. P. neesii was proved to yield an average of 612 antheridia per inflorescence (maxim. 899, minim. 446). Matured antheridia which were produced later during the season were smaller than those produced earlier. Matured archegonia were found only in early May.

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Gemmae were found near shoot tips of Glyphomitrium humillimum, a common epiphytic moss in Japan. Gemmae are filamentous, 60-250 μm long, 25-40 μm wide, composed of 3-15 cells. Each cell is cylindrical, with thick walls covered with hyaline irregular mucilage. An abscission-cell (tmema) is differentiated at the base of gemmae. In Glyphomitrium humillimum, gemmae were found on sterile plants but not on fertile plants.

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