The geographic distribution of the Taiwanese stingless bee Trigona ventralis hoozana and an unidentified subspecies of Asian honeybee Apis cerana ssp. was studied based on the published information and the present survey made during 1994-2005 at 42 localities covering all the 15 counties (excluding Penhu County) and two cities of Taiwan. The occurrence of T. ventralis has been confirmed in four counties, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi and Kaohsiung, among which Kaohsiung County was added by the present survey. The range of its distribution was confined to submontane and mountainous areas of 250-2,500m altitude in the central mountains, where primary and well grown secondary forests have remained. In contrast, A. cerana was widely distributed in both natural and urbanized areas all over the island except mountains higher than 3,300m altitude. The two species occurred sympatrically in areas where T. ventralis inhabited. A total of 40 stingless bee nests, including 33 reared ones, were observed, and all of them were constructed in the hollow of big trees. Among 22 nests of A. cerana, thirteen ones were constructed in semi-open rock cavities, and the others in wooden boxes, tree hollows, etc. The nesting site, thus, differed distinctly between T. ventralis and A. cerana, and suggesting that the two species are not in a serious competition over the nesting sites there. The lack of T. ventralis in the lowlands can be explained by the deficiency of big trees suitable for nesting.

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Anthracophora rusticola Burmeister is a scarabaed beetle threatened about its decline in Japan. Recently, the founding of larvae or pupae of the beetle from the nest of raptors, especially Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus Taczanowski, have been repeatedly reported. These founding imply that the beetle would specifically breed in the raptor's nest and that the decline of the beetle, might be caused by the reduction of the breeding of raptors in Japan. In this study, we surveyed two nests of Honey Buzzard to clarify the nest utilization pattern of the beetle. One of them had been confirmed to be annually used by raptors for their breeding, and the other seemed not to be used by raptors recently. One dead body of adult and 23 cocoon shells of the beetle were discovered from the former nest. All cocoon shells were found from lower part of the nest where was relatively dry compare to upper part. None was found from the latter nest. We discussed breeding pattern of beetles on raptors nests.

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