Mycoscience
Online ISSN : 1618-2545
Print ISSN : 1340-3540
Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
Editorial
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  • Shun-ichi Udagawa, Shigeru Uchiyama
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 3-6
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    A new genus, Neocarpenteles, the Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales), and a new combination, N. acanthosporum, are proposed to accommodate Hemicarpenteles acanthosporus Udagawa et Takada. The fungus is characterized by sclerotioid, nonostiolate, unilocular stromata in which asci gradually produce, outward from the center, lenticular ascospores with two equatorial crests and convex surfaces ornamented by triangular ridges and microtubercles, and an Aspergillus anamorph with uniseriate aspergilla. It has the Q-10 system as the major ubiquinone.

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  • Ai Kaneko, Naohiko Sagara
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 7-13
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Responses of the long-rooting agaric Hebeloma radicosum fruit-bodies to light and gravity were studied. In light from below or obliquely below, fruit-bodies grew straight downward with gills tilted and cap swollen and waved if they had emerged downward from the culture medium, or bent upward from the beginning if they had emerged obliquely downward. In light from above or obliquely above, they grew upward if they had emerged upward. Thus, they did not grow toward unilateral light from obliquely below or obliquely above, and hence their growth was nonphototropic and negatively gravitropic from the beginning of development. Even the straight downward growth seems to be latently negative-gravitropic. In the dark, fruit-bodies grew upward, forming pseudorhizas, but they remained immature; they matured only in the light. These characteristics may be related to the growth habits of the fungus colonizing deep in the ground, forming primordia there, and developing mature fruit-bodies on the ground.

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  • Roland Kirschner, Uwe Braun, Zuei-Ching Chen, Franz Oberwinkler
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 15-20
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The hyphomycete Ovularia polliniae, formerly excluded from Ramularia and allied genera and tentatively considered as related to Beniowskia sphaeroidea, was recently collected on leaves of the grass Microstegium sp. in Taiwan. Based on studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, O. polliniae was redescribed. Using type specimens, the taxonomic status of both fungal species was reevaluated. In O. polliniae, the conidiophores emerge directly through the outer cell wall of the host epidermis. They are either sparsely branched at the base or simple and composed of verruculose intercalary and terminal conidiogenous cells that produce conidia through minute, slightly darkened scars. The conidia are solitary, one-celled, obovoid, hyaline, smooth, and often have a large vacuole. By the combination of these characteristics, this fungus differs from similar species of Beniowskia, Ramularia, and Ramulariopsis. The new genus Pleurovularia and the new combination Pleurovularia polliniae are proposed to accommodate this parasite on Microstegium.

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  • Masao Arakawa, Hitoshi Nakamura, Yukari Uetake, Naoyuki Matsumoto
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 21-26
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Double-stranded (ds)RNA of various types was detected in 65 (21.8%) of 298 isolates from vegetative hyphae of Rosellinia necatrix by electrophoresis, but dsRNA was not detected from 39 ascosporic isolates. There were 45 distinct dsRNA profiles in the 65 isolates: they varied in the number of electrophoretic bands from 1 to 12 and in size from less than 1000 bp to more than 10 kbp. Each dsRNA profile was unique to each locality. dsRNAs having the same profiles were restricted to isolates of the same mycelial compatibility groups (MCG) from the same trees, with an exception where different profiles were detected in different isolates of the same MCGs.

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  • Ong-ard Lawhavinit, Kanit Chukanhom, Kishio Hatai
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 27-31
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Tetrahymena infection has become the most problematic parasitic disease of the guppy Poecilia reticulata in Southeast Asia. Tetrahymena corlissi was isolated from guppies with a fungal infection in Thailand, and the fungus was identified as Achlya bisexualis. Male and female guppies were artificially infected with both organisms. The results showed that guppies could easily be artificially infected with a culture of Tetrahymena corlissi and that female guppies were more sensitive than male guppies. Achlya bisexualis infection was shown to be a secondary infection after the Tetrahymena infection.

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  • Hiroki Sato
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 33-36
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Ultrastructure of the trichospore (monosporous sporangium) and its generative cell of Pennella angustispora was observed by electron microscopy. In the sporangiospore, both poles of the cell wall were thickened in appearance with canals. Appendages developed longitudinally along the wall of generative cell before the formation of a septum that would delimit between the trichospore and its generative cell.

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  • Yoshitaka Ono
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 37-45
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Kuehneola japonica has a microcyclic life cycle with a regular alternation of generations. Single basidiospore inoculations onto Rosa wichuraiana resulted in teliospore production, indicating its homothallic nature. Dikaryotization in a vegetative mycelium in the host seemed to occur through nuclear division that was not followed by septum formation. Karyogamy and meiosis took place through teliospore and metabasidium development; this fungus was considered to reproduce genetically homogeneous progenies. Puccinia lantanae and P. patriniae were also microcyclic in their life cycle; however, these fungi differed from K. japonica in the mode of nuclear behavior. In the former two fungi, both vegetative and reproductive cells were uninucleate. No karyogamy was observed, and nuclear division in the metabasidium development was thought to be mitotic. In P. lantanae, a basidiospore was formed on a sterigma, whereas a whiplike hypha emerged from each metabasidium cell in P. patriniae. Inoculations of Justicia procumbens with a single basidiospore of P. lantanae resulted in teliospore production. The fungus seemed to remain uninucleate, either haploid or diploid, throughout the life cycle. Thus, reproduction was considered to be apomictic.

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  • Tsuyoshi Hosoya
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 47-57
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Three Hyphodiscus species are described and illustrated: Hyphodiscus otanii sp. nov., Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus, and H. theiodeus, which is new to Japan. Culture studies revealed Phialophora-like anamorphs. Catenulifera gen. nov. is proposed for the anamorph of Hyphodiscus. The history of the genus is reviewed. Hyphodiscus can be delimited to members with gelatinized excipulum, Cistella-like hairs with more coarse granulation, small asci, ascospores with conspicuous globules, cylindrical, flexuous paraphyses, and a Catenulifera anamorph.

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  • Shigeki Inaba, Seiji Tokumasu
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 59-66
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Three species of the genus Brevilegnia (Saprolegniales, Oomycetes) are described and illustrated from Japan: B. megasperma var. brevicaulis, B. unisperma var. litoralis, and B. variabilis. The Japanese B. variabilis agrees with the original description in demonstrating achlyoid- and dictyoid-type zoospore discharge patterns in addition to the thraustothecoid-type, which is the typical pattern in the genus, androgynous antheridial branch origin, and antheridial branches wrapping about the oogonia, but it produces larger oogonia and aplerotic oospores. All species are new records from Japan.

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  • Stephen R. Whitton, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Kevin D. Hyde
    2002Volume 43Issue 1 Pages 67-72
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2025
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    During research into microfungi that inhabit decaying parts of the monocotyledonous family Pandanaceae, three species of Balaniopsis were collected. One is Balaniopsis africana as originally described and illustrated by Kiffer as Balanium africanum. The second species is conspecific with the specimen treated as Balaniopsis africana by Kirk, but is introduced here as a new species, Balaniopsis kirkii. The third, Balaniopsis dendroidea, is a new species from Australia.

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