"The Shades of Spring"(1914), which is one of D. H. Lawrence's early short stories, deserves notice on these three grounds: that the final version of this story was published after six elaborate changes both in the manuscript and in the title on his part, that the world of this story is similar to the worlds of his main novels, and that this story shows no less than 30 kinds of plants in two different symbolic ways. The last seems most interesting. In this paper"The Shades of Spring"is studied from two view points of`the dual symbolism in the descriptions of plants'and of `intuition', which are closely related to each other. `The dual symbolism in the descriptions of plants'can be briefly said like the following. On the one hand, using many symbols of plant-lore, the author intentionally suggests the human relationships and the plot, and then confirms them by his narration. On the other hand, he makes beautiful and vivid descriptions of plants on several scenes, where the protagonist, Syson, is deeply fascinated with their beauty independently of his thought. Those descriptions, appealing to the readers' senses, spontaneously combine to produce one symbol finally. The author doesn't seem to intend to describe each beautiful plant individually as a symbol, but through the whole story all of those descriptions seem to become one symbol. They are symbolic of just plants' and a woman's bright life fostered by the soil in spring. Such dual symbolism of plants works well to convey the theme of this short story, being also backed up by the author's narration. The theme is that any life fostered by the soil can be equally praised and given its own world, which should not be trespassed by anything else. Furthermore, the author's genius as well as the value of this short story is found in`the dual symbolism in the descriptions of plants'. One side of the dual symbolism, which is originated in plant-lore and intentionally used to suggest the human relationships and the plot, tells us that the author was an extraordinarily intelligent English writer who had a remarkable skill and a great stock of knowledge to write with. The other side of the dual symbolism, which is a product of all the vivid and beautiful descriptions of plants, tells us that he was a man of `intuition'.With `intuition', any human being can be really aware of any life's brightness. The author, who had `intuition', was aware of any animate being's beautiful and vivid life. The protagonist, Syson, and his former sweetheart, Hylda, of"The Shades of Spring"can be also aware of it with `intuition'. Nowadays, Westernization has overspread all over the world, bringing much suffering to any life on the earth besides our economic development. D. H. Lawrence, an English man, criticized Western civilization for its lack of `intuition', and believed `intuition' to be the key to the world's promising future about 100 years ago. We will be able to reduce such suffering not only by making the most of our intelligence or traditional knowledge but also by reviving our `intuition'. It is this suggestion that "The Shades of Spring"makes for us .

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Jacques Callot (1592-1635) trascorse il periodo piu importante della sua carriera artistica a Firenze, dove fioriva una cultura strettamente legata ai vari spettacoli che venivano dati all'epoca del granduca Cosimo II de' Medici.Nella capitale della Toscana il giovane artista lorenese, dopo aver appreso la tecnica dell'acquaforte e della prospettiva seguendo gli insegnamenti dell'architetto e scenografo Giulio Parigi, si pose al servizio del granduca in qualita di incisore ed esegui numerose opere nelle quali erano rappresentate le feste e gli spettacoli che venivano dati a corte.In questo saggio si desidera esaminare le relazioni esistenti fra il teatro fiorentino e l'arte di Callot sotto tre diversi aspetti: il primo riguarda l'aspetto socio-culturale del periodo che lui trascorse a Firenze immerso nell'ambiente teatrale di Giulio Parigi e della corte medicea; il secondo e relativo allo sviluppo stilistico delle immagini del teatro realizzate dal giovane incisore e le loro peculiarita ed infine il terzo concerne le novita metodologiche e retoriche che egli introdusse nella descrizione della realta del teatro.Lo scopo di queste analisi e di dimostrare che il teatro che appare nelle incisioni di Callot non e puramente realistico ne fantastico, ma e un'immagine verosimile ed ideale. I vari trucchi prospettici, i gruppi di figure minuscole rappresentanti persone apparentemente prive di rapporto con lo spettacolo e l'ambientazione teatrale molto complicata ed ambigua, ovvero tutti i motivi giudicati insoliti delle opere di Callot, in realta sono i mezzi che egli usa per ricreare uno spazio teatrale verosimile e per dare la sensazione a chi guarda l'incisione di entrare nella scena rappresentata.

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It is difficult for human operator to control complex and large system by hand, because the delay of system response could be long. Although some previous studies characterized the progress in the manual control from the view of the operator's performance, our previous study (Kobayashi et al., 2006) made the relation between the progress and the operator's mental activity clear based on background electroencephalogram (EEG). In this study, we tried to investigate the operator's mental activity when the control system is pitched into abnormal condition using the amplitude of theta waves (4-8Hz), and an experiment was conducted using a simulator. In this experiment, the background EEG was measured based on international 10-20 method while the subject controlled the on-screen target of the simulator. Participants were twelve male students ranging from nineteen to twenty-three years old. From the statistical result of their EEG data, we found that the amplitude of theta waves at frontal region was significantly high when they controlled the simulator under unexpected condition. Considering the relation between the results and the previous knowledge about theta waves, it was suggested that almost participants' concentration was getting higher because they tried to pay the attention to evaluating the abnormal system state. Consequently, an operator's cognitive process model under the unexpected system condition was represented through this study.

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Among the three fundamental assumptions of neoclassical economics, i.e., perfect competition, information symmetry and rationality of the entities, the last named has been seldom questioned by the economists themselves, though there have been a number of critics of the rationality assumption among non-economists. Daniel Kahneman, one of the Nobel laureates in economics of 2002, has been consistently advancing theories that economic entities are not behaving rationally, endorsing his assertion with deliberately designed experiments. The genre of his study now claims an independent status in economics as behavioral economics. Kahneman categorizes the typical behavior of economic entities into two: intuitive and rational behavior. He asserts that more often than not economic behavior is derived from intuition rather than from rationality. This paper reviews Kahneman`s theories and experiments briefly and attempts to reexamine his assertion of intuitiveness in view of the neural science. In this reexamination basic ideas are borrowed from TNGS (theory of neural group selection) advanced by Gerald M. Edelman.

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The novel Omoigusa written by Koji Uno is based on his own experiences, describing his everyday life during and after World War 2. He Integrated the separately published three works, Fuchin, Omoigusa and Omoide no Ie,into this novel, which brings the three stories to completion.In this paper, I will compare the first three works and the completed Omoigusa. Then,referring to Uno's diaries, I will look into the differences between his own experiences on which this novel is based and the completed work. By doing so, I will examine howmuch of his creative impulses were actualized in Omoigusa.

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In this paper, I tried to consider a change of the aspect of the death in Okinawa from these three factors which are popularization of cremation, appearance of funeral corporations and reliance on Buddhist monks at funeral rites. As a result, I made it clear that in Okinawa as the modernization advances, especially after the Okinawa's reversion to Japan in 1972, cremation has popularized because of the construction of crematories, therefore the custom of interment and washing dead men's bones have declined, and nowadays,sequence of the funeral has changed in many cases as the attendants go to the crematory immidiately after casketing, hold the final service at the funeral hall which adjucent to the crematory. Then I pointed out that the appearance of funeral corporations made the funeral rites uniform and merchandise, and strengthend the cooperation with Buddhism. Furthermore, I showed the occurrence of serious conflicts between Okinawan shamans called Yuta who traditionally has handled the world of the death and present the death vividly to people through possession etc., and Buddhist monks who deny these customs and started intervening in the field of the death. Such changes in Okinawa of modernization of funeral just as the mainland of Japan mean not anything less than pursue of convenience and efficiency, in other words, negligence of the world of the deceased and the death from the side of the alive. Because of that, I insisted that even in Okinawa, close relationship between the dead and the alive would be lost, and the concealment and denial of death would be strengthened in the future as that of the mainland of Japan.

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