Sociological Theory and Methods
Online ISSN : 1881-6495
Print ISSN : 0913-1442
ISSN-L : 0913-1442
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Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Presidential Address
  • To the Pursuit of Judgment Formation Theory from the Pursuit of Preference Aggregation Theory :
    Toward Construction of a New Theory of Collective Decision Making for Democratic Society
    Yoshinori TOMIYAMA
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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         There are two different problems of collective decision making in a democratic society. One is the problem of aggregating individuals' preferences into the social preference. The other is the problem of forming the social judgment based on individuals' judgments. In order to solve each of these problems, we must use some theory and method suitable for each. The previous research of collective decision making inclines too heavily towards preference aggregation. We need to recommend research of judgment formation. What characteristics have two types of theory and method? How relevant is the study of judgment formation to recent research trends in some fields around a democratic decision? How significance has it in modern times? The purpose of this paper is to get some tentative answers to each of these questions by reviewing the history of research of collective decision making form ancient Greece to the present age. The opinion of this paper does not already have a preference aggregation theory in the point of being unnecessary, but has the point that it is necessary to recommend the pursuit of a judgment formation theory and has such theories in the point of having a complementary relation for democratic determination.
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Special Section: Frontiers of Agent Based Model in Social Science
  • Special Section: Frontiers of Agent Based Model in Social Science
    Ryuhei TSUJI, Tsutomu WATANABE
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 17-20
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.17
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  • An Agent-based Study of Enthusiasm in the Artificial Society
    Yutaka NAKAI
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 21-36
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.21
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         Enthusiasm cannot be interpreted as a single emergence of a giant craze but as a chained emergence of crazes. I make an artificial society through computer. The society consists of agents who adopt a style sensitively or carefully (This model is called “Genesis Model of Enthusiasm” or GE model). I will show the emergence of enthusiasm on the computer and derive a scenario of enthusiasm from the observation of a number of simulations. From the observation, it is assumed that formation of group of those who adopt a style sensitively can trigger enthusiasm. Next, focusing on the history of juvenile delinquency, I will demonstrate that there has existed the phenomenon, in the history of juvenile delinquency, which is similar to the phenomenon mentioned above.
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  • Utility of the Agent-Based Model in Social Psychological Research :
    On the Adaptive Perspective and Evolutionary Computer Simulations
    Takafumi TSUKASAKI, Tatsuya KAMEDA
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 37-51
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.37
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         Agent-based models in social psychology have been developed to study interpersonal/ group phenomena including social influence processes and social exchanges. These previous models have successfully delineated social mechanisms whereby group polarization and segregation emerge, and also identified scope conditions where altruistic behaviors become rational in groups. After discussing these developments, this paper reviewed some of the recent research, using agent-based models, on evolvability of social learning strategies under uncertainty, and adaptive values of the majority rule in group decision-making. We argue that agent-based evolutionary computer simulations help us derive theoretical hypotheses about various social psychological phenomena systematically, and promote the interaction among different disciplines such as biology and economics.
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  • The Perspectives of Agent Based Models in Law
    Shozo OTA
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 53-65
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.53
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         This paper examines the use of agent based models in law. Jurisprudence has 4 characteristics, namely, retrospective nature, particularity orientation, emphasis on language manipulation, and exclusivism, which constitute the barrier for the social sciences, including agent based models, to enter the field of law. The development of law & economics, however, has paved the way to overcome the barrier. A few scholars are beginning to use, e.g., genetic algorism, evolutionary game theory, and signaling theory, in the analyses of law. On the other hand, the traditional jurisprudence itself became a signal, so that the new equilibrium in law might be a “separating equilibrium.”
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  • Mathematical Foundation for Agent Based Social Systems Sciences :
    Reformulation of Norm Game by Social Learning Dynamics
    Hiroshi DEGUCHI
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 67-86
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.67
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         In this paper we investigate a dynamic decision-making model of social learning and its bifurcation analysis that give a mathematical foundation for the research program of agent-based social systems sciences (ABSSS). For the purpose we formulate a non stationary Markov process on the alternatives. Then we introduce a dynamical system called social learning dynamics (SLD). SLD provides a theoretical framework of agent based modeling (ABM) and its simulation.
         We focus on the concept of indirect control where we control boundary conditions of a system to manage steady state of the system.
         We also apply SLD to the problem of norm formation and collapsing processes. The model is originally formulated and analyzed by R. Axelrod in the form of agent-based simulation as norm game and meta-norm game. We give a reconstruction of norm and meta-norm game by SLD. We give some propositions for norm game and meta-norm game. As a result we give an answer for second order social dilemma.
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Articles
  • Isomorphism of Balance Theory and Eigen-Decomposition
    Koji KOSUGI, Takashi FUJISAWA, Takehiro FUJIHARA
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 87-100
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.87
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         Heider (1958), in his “balance theory”, defined the states of balance or imbalance in cognitive human relationships, but he did not discuss why the cognitive relationships were stable or unstable. We point out that both balance theory and eigen-decomposition algorithm hold the functional isomorphism based on an information compression process. Although it is difficult to apply eigen-decomposition to the interpersonal relational matrix because the relationships are asymmetric, the difficulty is overcome by Hermitian Form Model (HFM), which is a kind of Asymmetrical Multi-dimensional Scaling. By using this technique to the real socio-matrix, we have found that the contributed ratio of the first-eigenvalue in the time series increases. This result means that each member in the groups changes its relationship such that its structure is clearer. This change is the result of reflection of information compression on cognitive relationships of each member.
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  • Quantitative Analysis of Textual Data :
    Differentiation and Coordination of Two Approaches
    Koichi HIGUCHI
    2004 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 101-115
    Published: March 31, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.19.101
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         In the field of social research, there have been quantitative analyses of various kinds of textual data, such as newspapers or open-ended survey questions. In most of these cases, either the correlational approach or the dictionary-based approach has been employed. In the former approach, multivariate analyses are utilized to examine word correlations or co-occurrences and discover themes. For example, cluster analysis of words is used to find groups of words that appear frequently in the same document. In the latter approach, words or documents are assigned to preexisting categories following rules that are created by the researchers, and categorization results are analyzed quantitatively. In this paper, the author evaluates these two approaches and proposes a third approach in which they are complementarily coordinated. In order to perform analyses that follow this new approach, original software was developed and distributed as free software. The author presents an analysis of responses to open-ended questions that uses the new approach and this software. In the conclusion, the author highlights the advantages of the new approach in comparison with the traditional two approaches.
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