Sociological Theory and Methods
Online ISSN : 1881-6495
Print ISSN : 0913-1442
ISSN-L : 0913-1442
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Volume 2, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Special Section : Possibility of Mathematical Models
  • A Formalization of Conflicting Division of Labor by Game Theory :
    The Possibility and Limit of the Formalization by Two-person Chicken Game
    Yoshimichi SATO
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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         The purpose of this paper is to formalize the theory of conflicting division of labor as two-person Chicken game. As a preliminary for this purpose, we make it clear that the alternatives open to the mediating subject are leading and ruling and the alternatives open to the mediated subject are contesting and defending, and that the conflicting division of labor can be brought about if the mediating subject chooses leading and the mediated subject chooses contesting.
         But the conflicting division of labor is not always brought about. This means that the result (leading, contesting) is not always chosen by each players. Thus this game of conflicting division of labor is a game without dominant strategies. So we formalize this game as Chicken game.
         The conflicting division of labor is not brought about according to the ordinary rules of Chicken game. So we apply S. J. Brams' sequential game to the game of conflicting division of labor, which changes the rules of the game and the players' principles of behavior. And we analyze the mechanism which determines the success or failure of the conflicting division of labor by analyzing the cases such as “Tokyo Waste War” and “Problems of Exhaust Gas”.
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  • A Threshold Model of Public Opinion Process
    Ken'ichi ISHII
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 15-28
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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         Noelle-Neumann proposed the ‘Spiral of Silence’ hypothesis of public opinion process. This hypothesis assumes that each individual make decision whether he expresses his opinion taking consideration in distribution of public opinion. In this paper, the spiral of silence hypothesis is formalized by threshold model proposed by Granovetter. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the equilibrium condition of public opinion process. It is reported that continuous change of latent public opinion distribution cause a catastrophe of expressed public opinion distribution. By the same model, the effects of the degree of conformity and hardcore of two groups are analyzed.
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  • A Synergetic Model for Self-Organization
    Yasuhide YAMANOUCHI, Susumu KUROISHI
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 29-44
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.29
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         Models are important for both theory construction and method of analysis, whether intuitively applied or positively used. Yet we have had thus far no effective models for system's structural change, which rejects to be formulated in necessary-sufficient or sufficient condition.
         This article introduces synergetic model as one of the categories within General Systems Theory in the research of a social system. For this purpose we formalize our synergetic model in accordance with Haken (1978), and delineate order parameter, adiabatic approximation and the compression of information mathematically, which are key concepts for synergetics just as negative feedback for cybernetics.
         Cybernetics in the method to regard a structural change as a larger meta-system's structural working. So it treats structural change as necessary-sufficient or sufficient condition. This includes a methodological contradiction. Synergetics can avoid this difficulty by introducing the concept of fluctuation.
         Of course we never claim that we could posit sufficient numbers of models for the analysis of social system, but social synergetics seems to promise ample possibilities for studying social phenomena, which have been lacking suitable frame of reference.
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  • A Stratified System and Feeling of Inequity
    Yuriko SAITO
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 45-60
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.45
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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         We present a mathematical model of how feeling of inequity toward a society is generated in interactive processes among actors. The model is constructed by developing and combining two preceding models: one is Fararo's model of image formation of stratification; the other is status value formulation of distributive justice. In the present model, we assumed that images of stratification are formed depending on actors' position within input-outcome system and on their first encounter with other actors. Within images actors are assumed to make overall judgment about equitableness of input-outcome system in a society. A standard of justice judgment is given by the ratio of the actual share to the just share. We have derived several implications about what type of actors feel more inequitable in the system.
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Review Article
  • Event-History Analysis :
    Its Contributions to Modeling and Causal Inference
    Kazuo YAMAGUCHI
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 61-82
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.61
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         This paper provides a didactic overview of event-history analysis in sociology. Specifically, it focuses on modeling and causal inference in the analysis of event histories. Various event-history models are described, and substantive and technical considerations for the choice of a particular model are discussed. The paper also presents a discussion on causal inference by addressing both substantive and technical issues in the causal analysis of event-history data.
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Research Note
  • On the Existence of Social Distance
    Shuichirou IKE
    1987 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 83-90
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11218/ojjams.2.83
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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         In this paper, the possibility of the theoretical existence of “social distance” is examined. It is shown that from the data of intermarriage between strata, we cannot introduce the ‘distance’ which is mathematically strictly defined. The inclination of intermarriage between strata should be regarded as <aggregation gain> of some other factors. The social distance as metaphor is not a so pure concept that we cannot make it basic variable for the metric theory of social stratum based on micro social action.
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