本稿では,わが国においては今まで殆ど述べられていなかったゲシタルト心理学の創唱者Max Wertheimerの生涯につき,詳しく述べた。1)彼は1880年のプラーグのユダヤ系の家庭に生れた。母方の祖父が大きな影響を与え,10才のときこと祖父はすでにSpinozaの書物を与えている。幼時から彼はピアノに優れた才能を示し,母もバイオリンに巧みであった。父は独学で実学的な研究を積み,商業学校を経営して大いに成功をおさめ,その蓄えた財力が後に彼が永年にわたる各地への遊学を支えたと思われる。2)彼は学業にすぐれ,ギナジゥムでも,はじめ4年間はすばらしい成績を示したが,その後複雑な社会情勢の影響もあって学業が急に悪化し,家庭でも宗教的なしきたりに反撥して両親を怒らせ悲しませたこともある。この間,急進的なグループとも交ったらしい。3)大学はプラーグ大学,ベルリン大学,そしてヴュルツブルグ大学へと転々とした。この間,心理学,哲学,論理学,認識論のほか,広く音楽,数学などの研鑽を積んでおり,その範囲の広いことは驚くばかりである。その中でも彼にとってベルリンでの生活は最良のものであった。4)彼は父の要望もあって,早くPh.D.を取ろうとしてヴュルツブルグ大学に移り,直ちに1904年最優等の成績でPh.D.を得たが,その論文は,言語連想法を含んだ「事実診断学について」であり,その後もこの方面の研究を続行したがついに公刊を見なかった。彼はPh.D.取得後,就職するまでの間,各地の大学,研究所で生理学,精神病学の分野も含めて広く研究していたことは,何れもその結果が在来の理論への不満や批判となり,やがて新しいゲシタルト理論を醸成するのに与って力あったと思われる。5)早くから彼は音楽に関心があって,ベルリンの原始民族の音楽集録に関心をもっていた。またEhrenfelsやMarty教授の言及するところに影響をうけて,インドの哲学,論理学にも関心を抱いていたらしい。セイロンのVedda族の音楽や原始民族の数概念についての研究は早くからまとめていたらしいが,それらにはゲシタルトの考想が十分に認められる。しかし彼はこれをHabilitationのために用いなかった。大学教授資格認定の論文には適当でないと考えたからである。6)それよりも彼は科学的手法を用いて,誰もが納得せざるを得ない決定的な現象として運動視の実験的研究を行い,ゲシタルト説の根本理念を確立した。これによって彼はゲシタルト心理学の創唱者と呼ばれるに至った。7)彼はその初期の画期的研究があるにも拘らず,ベルリン大学の正教授には,彼より年少のKohlerが就任し,自分はその年1922年,員外教授に昇進しただけである。これは彼の寡作の故にということのほかに,反セミ主義その他が影響したといわれる。彼はフランクフルト大学で,おそらく1929年,教授となった。8)彼は1933年,ナチスの圧迫を逃れてアメリカに渡り,ニューヨークの新社会調査学校に迎えられ,1943年死去するまでそこで教え,生産的,鼓吹的な講義を行った。

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This paper deals with the spheres of interests of women's junior college students. In women, the entrance rate into schools of higher education has increased, and the junior college-going rate was 21.5% in 1987. Because of the height of the rate, various students have sended their students' life in junior college. Then, I inquired the consciousness of women's junior college students for having correct and profond knowledges of their consciousness in late autumn 1986. 1 inquired the degree of interests to 16 spheres as friend or fashion that I selected by examining previous investigation and the present condition of them. I could clarify following findings. 1. The sphere that women's junior college students have most large interests is "friend or friendship", and 83.5% of students have large interests. 45.9% of them have "very large interests", and 37.6% of them have "relatively large interests". 2. The second is "future or finding employment", and 79.1% of them have large interests. But, 80.1% of the first year class have large interests, and are most numerous. 3. The third is "leisure ・ travel", and 71.4% of them have large interests, and the fourt is "love or marriage", and the fifth is "music", and the sixth is "fashion", and the seventh is "money or saving", and the eighth is "beauty". 4. In an analysis of the course of study, fashion is the most interesting sphere on dress design course. 5. In an analysis of the configuration of 16 spheres by multidimensional scaling, I could analyse that the interest of "study or research" or the interest of "social problem or polity" and the interest of "reading" are similar, and that the cluster is contrary to another cluster of the interest of "fashion" or the interest of "love or marriage" and the interest of "beauty".

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This paper deals with the opinion of women's junior college students on the relationship between occupation and marriage. Women's laborer have increased steadily, and now a majority of married women is working. The continuous years of women's employees have increased steadily, and its average became seven years in 1986. Then I inquired the opinion of women's junior college students on the relationship of occupation and marriage in 1986. They have almost occupation after graduation. The relationship is very important for them because of the relationship to childcare. By this investgation, I could clarify following findings by multivariate analysis and so on. 1. Two third of women's junior college students (522 persons of the second grade) has the opinion of working after their marriage. But, the opinion of "working longly even after childbirth" is 9.8% and then its ratio is a little. The opinion of "stopping of work after childbirth and reworking after the period of childcare" is about 31%. 2. The opinion of "working until marriage" is about one third. 3. I did analyse effective explanatory variables for these opinion of the relationship between occupation and marriage by multivariate analysis as CATDAP. In result, I could make clear by CATDAP that "the course of study" as art or home economics is the most effective explanatory variable. 4. The second effective explanatory variable is "the occupation to wish to engage" as "the occupation to enable to make good use of professional knowledge or skill". The third effective explanatory variable is "desirable workshop". 5. I did analyse effective categories to such 4 opinions each by Log-Linear model. In result, 6 categories as "the course of study is art" or "having very large interest or concern to social problem or polity" have large effect to the opinion of "working longly even after childbirth".

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