GIS-理論と応用

点オブジェクト分布における集散パターン認知に関する分析

貞広幸雄

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 1-10
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.1

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This paper analyzes the cognition of spatial variance in the distribution of point objects. Spatial variance is one of the fundamental spatial concepts communicated by GIS, and has been widely used in its relevant fields such as geography, biology, and epidemiology. Communication of this concept, however, requires correct understanding of its cognition and proper choice of visualizing method. We hence employed two experiments to analyze the cognition of spatial variance in the distribution of point objects and build a model of the cognition of spatial variance. The obtained model was proved to be valid for representing the cognition of spatial variance. Some implications for GIS visualization are shown.

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阿蘇地域の景観保全のための草地重要度分級に関する研究

尹紅, 両角光男, 位寄和久, 山口守人, 本間里見

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 11-18
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.11

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The grand grassland is a typical landscape of the Mt. Aso region. As to the transformation of regional social structure, however, it may vanish in the near future. In order to preserve the precious landscape, GIS was employed to evaluate the degree of importance of grass landscape in the Aso region. The visible frequency from vantage points and points along the main roads of this area and the approaching distance to the roads were chosen as the criteria of evaluation. Spatial analytical protocols of GIS such as 3D model(TIN), buffer and overlay techniques were applied. Consequently, it became possible to extract the grassland which must be preserved.

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流出モデルの構築におけるGISの応用に関する研究

近森秀高, 岡太郎, 宝馨, 大久保豪

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 19-28
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.19

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Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to the constructing process of the kinematic wave runoff model of the Nagi basin, which constitutes a part of the Ogura basin located in the south of Kyoto. It was clarified that the application of GIS facilitates a handling of many kinds of geographic data required in the process of estimating parameters of the rainfall-runoff model.
Moreover, the rainfall-runoff simulation was performed using the constructed model. The accuracy of calculated discharge caused by a half to one-day rainfall was sufficient for a practical use.

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地区単位で集計された距離を説明変数とする回帰モデルの安定性

田頭直人, 岡部篤行

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 29-38
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.29

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This paper investigates a problem which arises when we wish to estimate a regression coefficient using a distance variable between a pre-determined point and a spatial data unit. First, we show that the variance of the regression coefficient decreases with the number of the units and propose a desirable number of the units whose variance is close to that of a disaggregated model. Second, we obtain the shapes of the units that achieve the minimum and the maximum variances assuming a constant number of the units to examine the influence of the shape of the units on the variance.

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オーバーレイ時の最適なファジー許容値とスリバーポリゴンの判別に関する分析

大場亨

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 39-48
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.39

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This paper aims to improve the confidence limits of the results of overlay and to increase the efficiency of the line work. First, regression analysis shows that the area sensitivity measure has a quadratic relation with the fuzzy tolerance. Second, the frequency distributions of sliver polygons are compared with those of the other polygons on compactness, perimeter and area. Compactness characterizes sliver polygons more distinctly than perimeter or area. Third, discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis correctly classifies 93 and 94 percent of polygons into sliver polygons and the others respectively.

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点分布の空間階層的特性を抽出する探索的解析ツールの開発

船本志乃, 岡部篤行

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 49-58
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.49

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In recent years there is an increasing demand for spatial analytical capability in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Linking GIS to Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) methods encourages greater functionality for efficient data management and visualization. First, this paper is to review existing recent papers dealing with integrated spatial data analysis with GIS. Second, a spatial analysis tool for detecting hierarchical characteristics of point patterns is proposed, and its implemetation in a GIS environment is shown.

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非構造化データから位相情報をもつ構造化データを生成する試み

神郡正

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 59-66
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.59

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The digital geographic data developing by the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) are widelyspread. But they are not suitable for basic GIS data, since they contain no topological information explicitly. The experiments reported in the paper attempt to add the topological structural information to "Numerical Map 10000" made by GIS. Specifically, we try 1) to transform administrative areas into polygons with standard topological structure and 2) to generate network structures from road edge data. We also discuss about the difficulties encountered in the experiments.

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知識共有機能を持つGISの開発

澁谷正弘

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 67-74
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.67

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A GIS is a system for analyzing and mapping spatial data. Mapping data sets consist of points, lines and polygons. A number of GISs have been implemented for retrieving and mapping spatial data. However, they cannot post-process queried information. Object-oriented models are very successful at representing multiple entities. It is possible to store histories for operation on GIS. I have developed Hokkaido Koudai-l(HK-1) using an object-oriented technology. This paper discusses design and implementation of these features including an evaluation of a prototype of HK-1.

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アメリカ合衆国におけるGISを利用した地形学研究

5機関を例に

小口高

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 75-80
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.75

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This note introduces five recent projects of GIS-related geomorphological research in the USA. These projects relate to debris hazard research (Colorado State Univ.), soil classification (Univ. Wisconsin-Madison), paleoflood geomorphology (Univ. Arizona), channel geometry analysis (US Department of Agriculture), and geomorphological application of digital elevation maps (US Geological Survey). Emphasis is placed on the increasingly important contribution of GIS to geomorphology and related sciences.

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ロンドン大学高等空間解析センターにおける地理情報システムならびに都市解析関連プロジェクト

塩出徳成, バティーマイケル, ドッジマーティン, ヤングビン, サースタイングッドウェルマーク

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 81-86
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.81

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This paper introduces CASA, the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis and presents some of its projects in progress. CASA is a new initiative within University College London to develop emerging computer technologies in several disciplines that deal with geography, space, location and the built environment. The kinds of computation involved cover geographic information systems, computer-aided architectural design, spatial analysis and simulation and methodologies of planning and decision support. This article focuses on three of the GIS-oriented projects, VENUE, Space Syntax and DoE.

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地理情報システムにおけるイメージ・データの管理・検索の一提案

張長平

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 87-94
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.87

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In this paper a method of managing and retrieving image data (e.g. aerial photograph) is proposed. An appropriate size of image data of one mesh is determined according to the computer memories and performance. Then location coordinates of each mesh are found through overlaying image with vector map. As a result, image data in an appointed area can be retrieved from index map which either has a background of a digital aerial image or not. A crossing decision method for retrieving image data is introduced in this paper.

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DEM(数値標高モデル)からDDM(流水線図)を作成するアルゴリズムの改良とC言語プログラム

野上道男

1998 年 6 巻 1 号 p. 95-102
発行日: 1998/03/15
公開日: 2009/05/29

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.6.95

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We developed a flooding-type algorithm for drainage network extraction and show a full program source in the language C. The program generates automatically Drainage Direction Matrices (DDMs) from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with sink holes. By using a random technique of random walk type, the drainage networks are processed adequately in flat plains or alluvial fans.

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