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  • Philippe Biane
    Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
    1995年 31 巻 1 号 63-79
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2009/04/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 浅岡 顕, 小高 猛司
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 117-129
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (1) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (
    3
    ) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山口 昭彦
    日本中東学会年報
    1994年 9 巻 37-65
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le
    22
    janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.
  • ―St. Jude Medical valveの抗血栓性について―
    藤田 康雄, 林 純一, 山崎 芳彦, 江口 昭治, 大谷 信一
    人工臓器
    1988年 17 巻 3 号 1133-1136
    発行日: 1988/06/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    SJM弁の抗血栓性についてS-
    E
    ボール弁との比較検討を行った。S-
    E
    ボール弁で単弁置換をうけた132例と、SJM弁で単弁置換をうけた135例を対象とした。僧帽弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁2.14%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁1.
    82
    %/患者・年、SJM弁1.69%/患者・年であった。術後
    7
    年のThrombo-embolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁で60.5±
    7
    .5%、S-
    E
    被覆弁で
    83
    .9±5.2%、SJM弁で
    92
    .4±
    3
    .1%であった。大動脈弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁1.36%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁、SJM弁では0であった。術後
    7
    年のThromboembolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁75.
    6
    ±10.
    6
    %、S-
    E
    被覆弁80.0±10.
    3
    %、SJM弁96.
    7
    ±
    3
    .
    3
    %であった。SJM弁の抗血栓性はS-
    E
    非被覆弁に比し良好であったが、S-
    E
    被覆弁に比べ著しく向上したとはいえず、近年における血栓塞栓症の減少には厳重な抗凝固療法の施行も寄与していると考えられる。
  • PIETRO DE RUGGIERI, Carmelo Gandolfi, Umberto Guzzi
    International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products
    1964年 1964 巻 E-7-3
    発行日: 1964/04/12
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • H. K. Mahanty
    CYTOLOGIA
    1970年 35 巻 1 号 13-49
    発行日: 1970/03/25
    公開日: 2009/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
    2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
    a) Musa-Ensete, b) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
    3
    . Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
    4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
    5. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
    a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
    b) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
    6
    . It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
    a) the difference in floral morphology
    b) geographical separateness and
    c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
    7
    . The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.
  • 大澤 康次, 幡野 恵, 西宮 一尋, 岡崎 彬, 太田 真一, 宇田 文昭, 柳田 由紀, 檜垣 洋子, 吉田 知江里
    薬物動態
    1988年 3 巻 4 号 441-446
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2007/03/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    ラットに
    3H
    -CU-
    83
    (S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し,血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した.
    静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し,投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのCmaxを示し,それ以後t1/2
    3
    .05時間とt1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した.投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった.
    経口投与では,投与後
    3
    時間でCmax 4.10ng eq./mlに達し,以後t1/2α 4.46時間とt1/2β 26.
    83
    時間の二相で減少した.投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった.
    静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も,尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は,投与後48時間でほぼ終了した.静脈内投与では,投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に,60.42%が糞中に排泄された.経口投与では,同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に,69.24%が糞中に排泄された.
  • 膵臓
    2007年 22 巻 1 号 e350-e352
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,5α,
    -triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,5α,
    -triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2,
    3
    , 5 and
    6
    did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-
    6
    of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • 澤田 知之, 能町 純雄 /, WAI-FAH CHEN
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1994年 34 巻 1 号 11-17
    発行日: 1994/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The pseudo-static analysis has been used in engineering practice to simplify the computation of the upper limit of a slope under seismic load. In this paper, the upper bound technique of limit analysis of perfect plasticity is used to determine the bearing capacity of a foundation near a down-hill slope. In this analysis (Chen et al., 1969; Chen, 1975), a logarithmic spiral rapture (Abdul-Baki et al., 1970; Sawada et al., 1984) is assumed to start at an edge of the loaded area far from the slope. A landslide is assumed to be of rigid body type with the inertia force acted at its center of gravity. The collapse state is reached when the rate of kinematic energy of the landslide together with the load is equal to the rate of dissipation of internal energy along the sliding surface. This energy balance leads to the equation of ultimate load with several parameters. The optimized numerical rcsults with respect to these parameters are compared with those by Kotter's method (Yamaguchi, 1959) and those obtained by the slice method.
  • Wei Xu, Rui Xia, Feng Tian, Lei Liu, Meng Li, Shiyuan Fang
    Journal of Hard Tissue Biology
    2022年 31 巻 4 号 263-268
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    Fracture healing is a complex dynamic process that involves the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to participate in fracture healing. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-324-

    3
    p in osteoblast differentiation. MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation was induced by icariin, and miR-324-
    3
    p expression levels during cell differentiation were measured using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed to evaluate the function of miR-324-
    3
    p. Luciferase activity was used for target gene verification. During MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 differentiation, miR-324-
    3
    p levels gradually increased over time. Further experiments showed that miR-324-
    3
    p overexpression significantly promoted cell viability, whereas miR-324-
    3
    p downregulation showed the opposite effect. For cells with miR-324-
    3
    p mimic, the levels of bone sialoprotein, Runx2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly elevated. SMAD
    7
    is the target gene of miR-324-
    3
    p, and its level is gradually downregulated during MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation. MiR-324-
    3
    p may promote MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation by targeting SMAD
    7
    .

  • 榎 明潔, 八木 則男, 矢田部 龍一, 一本 英三郎
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 1-13
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that Fs=1 and ∂Fs/∂θ=O, where Fs is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and (
    3
    ) All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.
  • 布施川 雄一, 多田 博己, 小熊 利明, 椎名 豊, 玉地 寛光, 半田 俊之介
    動脈硬化
    1996年 23 巻 9 号 545-551
    発行日: 1996/04/10
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    The association between apolipoprotein
    E
    (Apo-
    E
    ) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about 8 weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (
    E
    3
    /
    3
    161,
    E
    4/
    3
    47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and those with
    E
    4/
    3
    phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with
    E
    4/
    3
    had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    . The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and
    E
    4/
    3
    by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of
    E
    4/
    3
    predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.
  • Ji-Young Hong, Hye-Jin Boo, Jung-Il Kang, Min-Kyoung Kim, Eun-Sook Yoo, Jin-Won Hyun, Young-Sang Koh, Gi Young Kim, Young Hee Maeng, Chang Lim Hyun, Weon Young Chang, Young Ho Kim, Young Ree Kim, Hee-Kyoung Kang
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2012年 35 巻 7 号 1054-1063
    発行日: 2012/07/01
    公開日: 2012/07/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We observed that (1S,2S,
    3E
    ,
    7E
    ,
    11E
    )-
    3
    ,
    7
    ,11,15-Cembratetraen-17,2-olide (LS-1), marine cembrenolide diterpene, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent mechanism. Treatment of HT-29 cells with LS-1 resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, sub-G1 peak accumulation, activation of Bid, caspase-
    3
    , -8, and -9, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) along with the suppressive expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). All these effects were significantly blocked on pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating the involvement of increased ROS in the proapoptotic activity of LS-1. Moreover, we showed that LS-1 induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and dephosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
    3
    , which were effectively attenuated by NAC. In addition, the expressions of antioxidant catalase and glutathione peroxidase were abrogated by treatment using LS-1 with or without NAC. These findings reveal the novel anticancer efficacy of LS-1 mediated by the induction of apoptosis via ROS generation in human colon cancer cells.
  • Masayuki Yoshikawa, Toshio Morikawa, Ning Li, Akifumi Nagatomo, Xian Li, Hisashi Matsuda
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2005年 53 巻 12 号 1559-1564
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The saponin fraction from the seeds of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)] was found to exhibit potent protective effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Five new triterpene saponins, theasaponins
    E3
    (1),
    E4
    (2),
    E5
    (
    3
    ),
    E6
    (4), and
    E7
    (5), were isolated together with 11 known saponins from the saponin fraction. The chemical structures of 1—5 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the isolated saponins, theasaponins
    E1
    (
    6
    ),
    E2
    (
    7
    ), and
    E5
    (
    3
    ) and assamsaponin C (10) showed an inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg, p.o. and their activities were stronger than that of omeplazole. With regard to the structure–activity relationships of theasaponins, the following structural requirements for a protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric lesions were suggested; 1) the 21- and/or
    22
    -acyl groups are essential for the activity, 2) acetylation of the 16-hydroxyl group reduce the activity.
  • / 石原 研而, KENJI ISHIHARA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 4 号 103-119
    発行日: 2000/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The flow deformation or strain softening in undrained shear of saturated sand is discussed in this paper. When evaluating the flow of field deposits, the prime issue to be addressed is whether the soil in its in-situ state has the potential to develop flow deformation or not. This paper presents a rational method which allows for such an assessment to be made and aims at quantifying the effects of grain-size distribution on the flow potential of sandy soils. On the basis of existing laboratory and field test results on sandy soils, a flow potential formulation was developed within the framework of the state concept. Here, the SPT blow count was used as a parameter for field characterization of sand deposits whereas the void ratio range (emax-emin) was employed as a measure indicative of the grading properties of sandy soils. It is shown that sands with a large value of void ratio range have a high flow potential, indicating that fines-containing sands are more susceptible to flow than clean sands. Results of this study also suggest that flow with zero residual strength is limited to field deposits with a very low SPT blow count, and that soils with a void ratio range of less than 0.35, such as coarse sands and gravels, are practically safe against flow with zero residual strength.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • W. TANG, G. MESRI, I. HALIM
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 4 号 107-116
    発行日: 1992/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method for analyzing the uncertainties involving the use of empirical relationships in design is developed. It is applied to evaluate the reliability of the relationship su(mobilized)=
    0.22σ'p
    (measured), whereby the pertinent uncertainties are analyzed using extensive laboratory and field observed data. On the average, the relationship su(mobilized)=
    0.22σ'p
    (measured) is unbiased and the error implicit in the relationship is about 15%. When cone values are used to infer s'p, additional uncertainties on the mobilized undrained strength will incur resulting mainly from the calibration uncertainty between σ'p and the cone values. Alternatively, vane tests may be performed to infer the mobilized strength using Bjerrum correction factor. Results show that uncertainty level associated with using the vane tests is smaller than that using the cone values, provided that similar scatter is observed between measured vane and cone values at a given site. However, prediction of the mobilized strength is even more accurate if direct measurements can be made on the preconsolidation pressure. The proposed probabilistic method also assesses the benefit of additional tests besides comparing the accuracy of using various soil parameters for predicting mobilized undrained strength. Such information is essential for planning cost-effective site characterization program.
  • Simon MAXWELL
    臨床薬理
    2008年 39 巻 5 号 141S-144S
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
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