The first purpose of this study was to develop lessons for elementary school home economics classes that facilitate students learning the characteristics of code payments and to perceive reasons why some games are partly free. The second purpose was to facilitate students to make independent decisions as consumers, through a simulated experience of code payments. We were able to prove that setting up a simulated experience for online game billing and code payment was a highly effective learning tool for participant students who had no experience with code payment. As well, by implementing the developed classes, the students were able to understand why online game companies provide some games for free.

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The Evolutionary Computation Competition (EC-Comp) is an optimization competition launched in 2017 to promote real-world applications of evolutionary computation and interaction between industry and academia. For 2017—2019, the competition has focused on continuous optimization problems in the manufacturing and aerospace industries. With the aim of exploring new areas of applications, EC-Comp2020 focused on "Designing Random Numbers to Entertain Game Players" in the game industry. Random numbers used in video games are usually generated by general-purpose pseudo random number generators, such as Mersenne Twister and Xorshift. However, these mathematically unbiased random numbers often make game players feel biased (sometimes even deliberately chosen), causing strong frustration. It is known that humans have various biases toward probabilistic events, and unbiased random numbers seem rather biased to game players. This competition asked to design a random number sequence that makes game players feel unbiased (but actually biased). This paper describes the definition of the random number design problem for entertaining game players in EC-Comp2020. This paper also explains the participants' optimization methods, accompanied with brief analysis on their results.

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本稿はナッジによる健康行動促進とその限界や克服方法をテーマに，先行研究を交えて考察することを目的とする。多くの人は認知バイアスに影響されるため，健康の大切さを理解していても行動を先送りする傾向がある。このような人たちが健康行動できるように支援する手法としてナッジがある。ナッジの利点として「エビデンスに基づき相手に合った介入方法が推定可能」「高い費用対効果」が挙げられる。一方，「ナッジは隠匿的」といった批判が寄せられ，さらに「ナッジでは行動定着できるほどの効果が期待できない」といった弱みがある。これらの問題に対しては「ナッジの内容の明示」「ナッジと情報提供の組み合わせによるヘルスリテラシー向上」によって解決が期待される。

食行動改善においては，デフォルト変更が最も効果が高いが，倫理的議論が生じやすい。これに対し，ナッジと情報提供を組み合わせた上でコミットメントを促すことが有効と示唆される。身体活動は開始までのプロセスが長いため，ボトルネックが生じやすくなる。これに対しては，健康アプリによるヘルスリテラシー向上で克服できそうだ。体重測定のようなセルフモニタリングは肥満予防に高い効果があると報告されているが，ナッジを用いた事例が少なく，研究の蓄積が求められる。

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 Level-5 which was a small game development company in Fukuoka at first has developed big hits one after another and expanded its market share in the mature console game industry. In this paper, by analyzing its management strategies and resources as functions of its success in the oligopolistic mature industry, I examine the effective means for small and medium-sized companies to survive and grow in mature industry.

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As digital content continues to globalize, online games have emerged as a key industry, driving the rapid expansion of international markets. Understanding how online game companies balance globalization and localization is essential for sustainable growth. This study examines the internationalization strategies of two major online games: Genshin Impact (developed by miHoYo, China) and Princess Connect! Re:Dive (developed by Cygames, Japan). Their global expansion approaches are analyzed using the 4P marketing mix framework—Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Genshin Impact employs a global design strategy, integrating diverse cultural elements while maintaining a consistent game structure across markets. In contrast, Princess Connect! Re:Dive follows a multi-domestic strategy, tailoring game content and marketing efforts to local preferences. These strategic differences are shaped by corporate objectives, market dynamics, and national policies. This study highlights the importance of glocalization—the balance between global standardization and local adaptation—in addressing diverse market demands. By comparing these two cases, this research provides valuable insights into how game companies can optimize their internationalization strategies while effectively balancing globalization and localization. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the global gaming industry and offer practical implications for developers and publishers seeking to strengthen their presence in international markets.

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近年、ネット上のユーザー・コミュニティが企業活動に与える影響が注目されている。本稿では、コミュニティと企業戦略の適合モデルを提唱し、コミュニティを収益に結びつける方法を探る。コミュニティを上手く活用し有料化に成功しているデジタル・コンテンツ･ビジネスの例として韓国オンライン・ゲーム企業をとりあげ、実証的調査を行っている。オンライン・ゲーム企業の事例分析によると、収益性を高める方法として二つの大きな選択肢があり、（1）製品・サービスの魅力を高める方法、（2）コミュニティの魅力を高める方法のどちらを選択するかによって、企業戦略・ゲーム仕様・コミュニティ育成方法といった企業活動が大きく異なることが示されている。事例分析を通じて、コミュニティを活用しながら収益を得るための戦略のあり方が示唆されている。

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The purpose of this paper is to report how children relate to consumer culture and are damaged by consumer problems. We conducted a survey to clarify the effects on consumer culture by using trading card games (TCG), video games, and online games and measured their influence on the concepts of money and ethical perspectives. We used of data collected from second grade students (N=345) at junior high schools from June to November, 2009. Based on the survey, we suggest 3 abilities that are needed for compulsory consumer education. • Distinguish real currencies from virtual currencies, and properly manage these. • Understand how to cope with consumer problems correctly and how to reduce risks. • Comprehend consumer culture influences on life and explain its purpose to the public.

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This paper shows present situations of game addiction in Japan and discusses how to improve the situations. The glamour of games is considered from both sides of game players and game designers/game producing companies. Recent trend, that is, shift of popularity from MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) to social games and its influences to game addiction are discussed. Characteristics of game addicted persons and their families are analyzed. Finally, personal solutions and social measures needed are considered.

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既存市場の有無が新製品市場に与える影響（経路依存性）を実証的に明らかにするために、新市場の初期ユーザー属性分析を行う。新市場としてオンラインゲーム産業をとりあげ、同一ゲームに対する日韓のユーザー調査を行い、ユーザー属性の国際比較を行う。既存のビデオゲーム市場が存在した日本と既存市場のない韓国等において、オンラインゲームの普及度合いに国際的な差異が生じているからである既存ビデオゲーム市場の存在が、日韓のユーザー属性の違いとして表れていることが、ユーザー調査によって明らかにされる。日本のビデオゲーム・ユーザーは同質的な集まりではなく、新しいオンラインゲームに対して異なる志向をもつ複数のユーザー群の集まりであることが示され、複数の異質的な初期ユーザー群を仮定したイノベーション研究の必要性を提唱する。

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