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＝9.11」以降，米国大学図書館のリスクマネジメントは急速に進み，各館が位置する環境下において，その優れたプランとスキルをスタッフの高い意識により今日に繋いでいる。日本の大学図書館もまた，2011年3月11日の「東日本大震災」によって，より現実的なリスクマネジメントと向き合うことをせまられている。ここでは，今後の道標となるべく，視察調査事項の報告を中心に，日本の大学図書館が置かれている災害対策の現状を踏まえ，新たな方向性も示唆する。

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Two types of new disasters threaten world safety in recent years: natural disasters of unheard of proportions, such as major earthquakes and massive floods, and terrorist attacks as man-made disasters. Such a trend is obvious, especially in large cities, and Japan, with the Tokyo metropolitan area as one of most populous cities of the world, also faces this problem. It is an urgent task with people living in modern cities to update the recognition of and establish a new approach to homeland security. The simultaneous terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 turned the threat of urban disasters by terrorist attacks into reality and fundamentally changed the homeland security laws in the U.S. On the other hand, reflection on the poor response to Hurricane Katrina at the end of August 2005 led to strengthening of the federal disaster response including natural disasters. This article surveys the response of U.S. federal agencies in times of disaster from the perspectives of both the National Security Law and the Disaster Law. The relationship between federal disaster response and information control is also considered.

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    In this paper, we analyze the lyrics of rap music expressing the theme of war as data to examine the evolution of war-related expressions in Japanese rap music and the unique style of approach to this theme. From 2000 to 2006, many songs were made based on themes such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the War on Terror; they depicted a clear contrast between the battlefield and the safety of Japan, where the rappers were watching. The reality of war felt distant, which was reflected in rappers’ everyday observations. From 2007 to 2016, after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, concerns about future wars became more common in rap music, and World War II was recalled as a memory of a controlled social situation. From 2017 onwards, war was no longer seen as a distant event but as something that is interconnected with everyday life.

    A key stylistic feature of these expressions is the technique of “Representing,” in which rappers express their localities and link their everyday lives to war, bringing the two closer together. “Sampling” is also an important technique in which songs about past wars are reinterpreted from a contemporary perspective, providing deeper insight into current events and a new perspective on the future. Internet platforms allow for real-time expression, and artists can avoid traditional content restrictions by corporations, creating a broader perspective on war. Future research will involve investigating other aspects of rap music, such as rhyme, flow, and beat, and conducting interviews to understand artists’ creative processes.

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私が海上自衛隊を志願した理由は、ペルシャ湾掃海派遣の実績や海外訓練も豊富にある海上自衛隊であれば海外派遣や国際緊急援助活動に参加できるチャンスが多くあると考えたためである。今回、本誌に投稿の機会を頂いたので、海上自衛隊の紹介、入隊後の海上自衛官としての初級教育および今まで17年勤務した中で得られた貴重な経験を紹介する。

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In Japan, since the Great Earthquake, attention has surrounded development of disaster victim relief activity using robots. Development of a robot that is adaptive to various environments in irregular places, rubble, and confined areas is needed. A wheel movement type robot, a robot in the shape of a snake, a crawler type robot and a multi-leg robot are all described in the relevant literature as rescue robots that are currently studied. Although these robots are high efficiency and/or high ground-covering ability, they need comparatively large space to move. We have developed a cylindrical crawler unit based on worm-rack mechanism, that doesn't need large space to move and has high ground-covering ability. In this study, incorporating a mechanism that allows for lateral movement to the unit, this robot was realized movement, including the switching of the lateral movement and move back and forth. This report describes structure, driven mechanism, experimental evaluation are reported.

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東日本大震災では多くの歯科医師が身元確認作業に従事したが、体制の不備による数々の問題が指摘され、歯科所見による身元判明例は総身元確認数の7.6%にとどまった。日本は多くの災害を経験し、災害時の身元確認体制について度々改善が求められてきたにもかかわらず、本震災でも身元確認作業における混乱を避けられなかった。本研究ではその要因を追求し、身元確認体制の在り方を考究することを目的に、過去の災害と東日本大震災における歯科身元確認の問題点を比較、再検証した。その結果、記録方法の全国的な不統一や、歯科所見採取に必要な装置や備品の不足、不明確な命令系統など、いずれの災害においても共通した課題が繰り返し挙げられていたことが明らかになった。死因究明先進国と比較すると日本は平時から身元不明遺体が多く、大規模災害時の歯科身元判明率も格段に低い。過去の反省を活かし、身元不明遺体数の減少に向けた対策を早急に講じるべきである。

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In Japan, since the Great Earthquake, attention has surrounded development of disaster victim relief activity using robots. Development of a robot that is adaptive to various environments in irregular places, rubble, and confined areas is needed. A wheel movement type robot, a robot in the shape of a snake, a crawler type robot and a multi-leg robot are all described in the relevant literature as rescue robots that are currently studied. Although these robots are high efficiency and/or high ground-covering ability, they need comparatively large space to move. We have developed a cylindrical crawler unit based on worm-rack mechanism, that doesn't need large space to move and has high ground-covering ability. In this study, a novel crawler structure capable of moving laterally was developed. This report describes structure, driven mechanism, experimental evaluation are reported.

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