The author intends to clarify what the student movement at Berkeley was. A visual and physical upheaval happened on September 10, 1964 on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley and lasted until the end of the year. We know that the main uproar was caused by the Regent's policy announced by Katherine Towle of Dean of Students on September 14, 1964 which prohibited the use of University facilities for the purpose of soliciting party membership or supporting or opposing particular candidates or propositions in local, state or national elections. This brought reactions from students of student organizations.
Student Organizations which are affected by the new university policy petitioned the Dean of Students for the use of the area. When they realized that the decision could not be changed, they started to protest against the Dean, the Chancellor, the President, the Faculty Cemmittee, the Academic Senate, the Board of Regents, etc., with various kinds of means : picketing, conducting vigils and rallies, touching off civil disobedience, and the like.
It is known that the movement is called the Free Speech Movement and was organized formally on October 3, 1964. According to numerous researches, however, the purpose and the character of the movement were not initiated by the organization or by the distribution of
the Slate Supplement Report, but were influenced by the off-campus movements and organizations. There was the civil-rights movement outside the campus which was introduced from the Southern states. A fairly large number of students worked as volunteers in Southern states to help Negroes organize and participate in the civil-rights movement during the past summer. A further influence upon the movement came from the famous student riot at the San Francisco City Hall in 1960, against the House Committee on Un-American Activities hearing.
Off-campus organizations such as SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), SDS (Students for Democratic Society) and W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America influenced on the movement in respect to their philosophy, goal, means, tactics and strategies. Poverty and human rights of Negroes and Vietnam war introduced stagnant atmosphere among college students who used to be inclined to the philosophy and way of life of Hippies.
Moreover, the idea of multiversity by President Clark Kerr became one of the targets of the movement. Students are not interested in the idea of “knowledge industry” of the University of California, Berkeley.
The movement is obliged to end. The direction toward the end of uproar came from several groups and organizations both on-campus and off-campus. They are the Associated Student Union of California, University Students for Law and Order, a group of professors who urged students to attend classes and start their studies, the Board of Regents, Labor Unions and Public Journals.
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