This study examines the backgrounds and motivations of individuals participating in trail running races, focusing on empirical data from surveys of participants in two trail running races held in Shinetsu highland region in 2016 (n=730) , one long distance (110km) and the other middle and short distance (50km / 16km). The survey data showed that, as compared to participants in the short distance race, of the participants in the long distance race, a higher percentage were male, originated from various regions, earned a higher income, had more years of trail running experience and had participated in more competitions. With respect to the motivations for participation, the data showed six primary motivating factors: “Community and Competition management”, “Health”, “Challenge and Accomplishment”, “Ease of Access”, “Course Type” and “Socialising”. Analysis of the motivations of participants across the two different distances showed that a difficult "Course Type" and the feeling of "Challenge and Accomplishment" are the strongest motivations for long distance racers, while the most prominent motivating factors for short distance racers are "Health", "Ease of Access", "Socialising" and a "Course Type" of a suitable distance and level of difficulty.
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