青年期において時間的展望は重要な役割を持っており，特に未来展望はアイデンティティの形成やwell-beingと密接な関連があるとされる。一方で，時間的展望を形成する要因について十分に明らかになっているとはいえない。本研究は，時間的展望（特に未来展望）の形成に影響する要因として

In this study, the cognitive-affective aspects and function of nostalgia were examined, based on individual differences and age-related changes. In Study 1A, the participants rated the centrality of features of nostalgia and natsukashisa (Japanese word for nostalgia), which were classified as central (i.e., autobiographical memory and positive emotion) or peripheral (i.e., negative and mixed emotion). In Study 1B, we developed the Positive–Negative Nostalgia Proneness Scale, based on the positive-negative features of nostalgia. The results showed that negative nostalgia proneness decreased with age; however, positive nostalgia proneness increased with age. In Study 2, negative nostalgia proneness was correlated with rumination and loneliness. Positive nostalgia proneness was correlated with happiness and nostalgia triggers (e.g., people/place and media), which increase with age. In Study 3, the presentation of nostalgic pictures increased familiarity and positive nostalgia proneness, and subsequently increased perceived social support and life satisfaction. In Study 4, positive nostalgia proneness affected the positive functions of nostalgia, and subsequently affected life satisfaction. These positive functions of nostalgia increased with age. These age-related changes are consistent with the socioemotional selectivity theory. We discuss potential future research addressing mere-exposure effects, autobiographical memory, cross-cultural, and aging studies.

Nostalgia is a mixture of positive and negative emotions and is defined as ‘a sentimental longing for one’s past’. Previous psychological research has shown that nostalgia has positive psychological functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of contour thinness on nostalgia in university students, who spend a lot of time listening while doing something else and are considered to be less affected by the experimental situation. The results of a psychological experiment using cross-modal stimuli consisting of black and white line drawings and piano practice pieces showed that contour thinness induced nostalgia. In addition, it has been suggested that the nostalgia induced by thin contours, as if drawn with a fine-tipped pen, may have a positive impact on the temporal outlook of the future. These results can be used for scientifically based nostalgia marketing.