This study examined the convenience of public transportation system, the burden of pick-up at Kashida area in Takatsuki-city. We showed that it was hard to satisfy traffic demand of the people. Moreover we proposed innovating community taxi as a solution, and supposed the instance of service-system, made a trial calculation of its profit and cost performance. Finally, it is proved that community taxi has high possibility of problem solving.

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本研究では、秋田市のタクシー利用に対する価格感度やタクシー利用の満足度について分析を行った。分析の結果、タクシー利用者は現在のタクシー運賃について満足していないことが明らかとなった。また、タクシー運賃はタクシー利用の総合満足度に与える影響も大きいことが明らかとなった。つまり、タクシーの運賃は改善することが求められる。価格感度に関する分析では、タクシーの初乗り運賃について「安い」と「高い」のバランスが取れている「基準価格」が647円となった。これは現行の710円よりも低い値である。つまり、タクシー利用者は現行の初乗り運賃である710円に割高感を持っていることが示された。しかし、免許返納割引や障害者割引により運賃が1割引になった場合には、割高感は解消されることが明らかとなった。また、タクシー利用の満足度が高い人ほど運賃に対して割高感を持たないことも明らかとなった。今後は、タクシー運賃の値下げを検討するとともに、接客態度や社内の清潔性・快適性の確保などによる満足度の向上も重要であることが示された。

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職業運転者における健康起因事故予防のために行うべき指導および啓発内容を具体的に明らかにするために、栃木県タクシー協会に所属する全タクシー運転者2,156人を対象に、無記名自記式のアンケート調査を実施した。844人から調査用紙が返送され（回収率は39.1％）、平均年齢は60.7歳であった。所属事業所の保有車両台数は30台未満（中小規模）が60.4％、30台以上が39.6％（大規模）であった。乗務前に体調が悪くても運転したことがある人は有効回答の28.5％であり、この割合は大規模事業所の運転者で有意に高かった。運転した理由として、運転に支障がないと判断したこと（59.0％）、収入が下がること（57.9％）が多かった。運転中に体調が悪くなったことがある人は有効回答の32.6％であり、その時、会社に申告して運転をやめた人が55.3％、しばらく休んでから運転を続けた人が26.5％、そのまま運転を続けた人が14.6％を占めた。体調が悪い時は運転を控えるよう指導された人は有効回答の76.0％、体調が悪い時に言い出しやすい職場環境であると回答した人は83.9％であり、いずれも事業所の規模による差は認められなかった。また、自身の健康と運転について、会社でしっかり管理してほしいと回答した人が34.0％を占め、27.2％の人がより頻回の健康診断受診を希望していた。健康起因事故の背景と予防の重要性が会社の規模によらずタクシー業界に十分浸透していないこと、厳しい労働環境がタクシー事業所全体に共通しているため、健康起因事故の予防を推進する経済的余裕がないことが分かった。健康起因事故を予防できるように、運転者自身が体調不良によるリスクを認識し、健康管理に対する意識の持ち方・知識を高めていくこと、これを事業所がサポートするシステムを構築することが重要である。

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日本財団と鳥取県は，2016年4月より，ユニバーサル·デザインタクシーの整備事業を「暮らし日本一の鳥取県」を目指す共同プロジェクトの一環として進めています．将来，高齢化や人口減少が進む地域の足として，年齢性別障がいの有無にかかわらず，誰もが移動しやすい，新たな公共交通のモデル形成を目的に，県内を走るタクシーの約4分の1にあたる，200台を目標にUDタクシーの導入を実施しています．本事業は，（一社）鳥取県

タクシー協会に対する，日本財団の助成事業として実施しており，現在，県内で125台のUDタクシーが導入され，28のタクシー事業者により運行されています．本稿では，本事業の概況や背景について記載しています．

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　本稿は，曖昧で過剰な多様性を包みこむNPO概念を批判的に検討し，NPOについての新しい把握の仕方を提示することを目指している．具体的には．まずアメリカの税法上の制度的規定としてのNPO概念，並びにサラモンとアンによるNPO概念における問題点を明らかにする．そして，それらを踏まえて「社会的使命」を軸としたNPOの把握の仕方を提示し，「市民事業組織」という新たな概念を構成する．

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Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd was one of the largest companies in the taxi industry in Japan. In the 1990s, its performance was lower and the company faced a serious crisis with huge debts. However, after the organizational change carried out by Ichiro Kawanabe （chairman, third generation of founders） in 2000, the performance of Nihon Kotsu recovered and increased. How and why Nihon Kotsu was successful with its V-shaped turnaround?

The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial behavior of Ichiro Kawanabe and the organizational change process led by him. In this analysis, the author incorporates the knowledge of the organizational identity theory to the organizational change process theory.

In summary of this case study, first, Kawanabe developed a high-quality taxi service selected by customers. Second, he increased the motivation of taxi drivers and changed their career views. Motivated taxi drivers themselves increased the quality of taxi service and tried to develop new services. Through these, Nihon Kotsu made it possible to differentiate their services on the taxi market, which were regarded difficult to differentiate.

In theory, this paper suggests the following mechanism. At the implementation stage of the organizational change process, employees are motivted to change their identity by recognizing themselves through feedback from customers and colleagues. Furthermore, empowerment and assignment of responsibility to employees will encourage employees’ business improvement behavior to go beyond the assumption of top management. The V-shaped turnaround of the performance of Nihon Kotsu was brought about by this mechanism which was activated by organizational change led by Kawanabe.

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Much, so far, has been reported on the amount of residual monomer in heat curing acrylic resin denture bases, which has supposedly undesirable influence on oral mucosa or on the physical properties of a denture base after curing. These reports, however, mostly have dealt with standardized models and few reported on the basis of casts clinically applicable. Further, in these reports, the methods of conducting examinations usually very in each student: ie. the methods of mixing and curing of monomer and polymer. Most of such models have simplified features, which, unfortunately, makes it impossible to make investigation of the difference in the heat emitted from resin, and also of the influence of different heat thus emitted, on the amount of residual monomer.
The present author examined the mixing methods of monomer and polymer by the use of generally employed eduntlos practice casts, which had been completed-from the arrangement of artificial teeth to flasking. This process was for the purpose of obtaining the same condition of the casts which had undergone identical process from mixing to filling of dough-stage resin. The amount of residual monomer and heat inside an acrylic resin denture base was measured on each cast by different curing methods and the following results were obtained:
1. The distribution of polymer size was examined among three kinds of resin-Acron, L-resin, and Hircoe-and a fact was obtained that the area of their distribution was less than 130μ. Acron had its most distributed area in from 60μ to less than 70μ, L-resin in from 20μ to less than 50μ, and Hircoe in from 50μ to less than 60μ.
2. After surveying monomer and polymer mixing methods of the three cases above mentioned, a tendency was observed that, in order to mix polymer more efficiently, mixing time should be 60 seconds rather than 30 seconds, and that in case of employing vibrators the amount of mixed polymer increased in proportion to the degree of vibration.
3. Most efficient mixing ratio of polymer and monomer (P/L ratio) varied from 2:1 to 2.5:1 in Acron and L-resin, and from 2.5: 1 to 3:1 in Hircoe.
4. Time duration necessary for reaching dough-like stage was about 20 minutes for Acron, about 15 minutes for L-resin, and about 8 minutes for Hircoe. Time duration after reaching dough-like stage was longest in L-resin, and next came Acron, Hircoe being shortest.
5. The author examined the changes in temperature of resin in curing process. With the flask submerged in the water 70°C or 60°C, the temperature of upper and lower dentume bases of the three kinds of resin tended to rise, first at the labial side of anterior area, next the buccal side of posterior area, and then at the lingual side of posterior area showed rise in temperature.
6. In the curing process of the upper and lower denture bases of the three kinds of resin, the elapsed time for the temperature inside the flask to reach curing temperature 70°C or 60°C-tended to be shortest in the labial side of anterior area, next the buccal side of posterior are, and then the lingual side of posterior area reached the temperature necessary for curing.
7. He next measured the residual monomer in the denture bases which had been completed according to two curing methods, one method being to submerge flask in the water 70°C in temperature for 90 minutes and then into boiling water for 30 minutes (70°C Curing Method hence), and the other to submerge flask in the water 60°C in temperature for 9 hours and then into boiling water for 30 minutes (60°C Curing Method hence). By 70°C Curing Method the amount of residual monomer showed in Acron to be between 0.44 and 0.46%, in L-resin between 0.35 and 0.36%, in Hircoe 0.73 and 0.86%; by 60°C Curing Method, the amount was in Acron between 0.26 and 0.30%, in L-resin between 0.23 and 0.27%, in Hircoe between 0.52 and 0.60%.

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