Recently, in order to improve the deteriorated river environment, the artificial sediment supply such as sediment placement at the downstream of dams or flushing of sediment has been implemented. However, it is not still clear about positive and negative effects of the artificial sediment supply on the downstream ecological system and physical environment. Study on these effects is one of important subjects for the sediment and river management. This study focuses to the response characteristics of the downstream physical environment by supplying artificial sediment. Characteristics of changes of bed level, sediment transport and changes of sediment diameter are clarified using one dimensional numerical model of bed variation and the response characteristics of physical environment by supplying artificial sediment are discussed.

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An ecosystem assessment method based on exergy efficiency is applied to Saba River. In this method, ecological exergy efficiency, which is calculated by the ratio of organism exergy produced in system to exergy supplied from outside of system (photosynthetically active radiation exergy and organic exergy supplied by flood) is defined as an indicator of health of river ecosystem. Field observations of water quality, river sediment and amount of detritus, attached algae and benthic animal were conducted at 8 points in Saba River. The temporal variations of exergy efficiency at 4 points of Saba River were estimated by these observation results and the prediction model of attached algae and benthic animal. The result shows that the exergy efficiency can clarify the difference of the soundness of river ecosystem between the 4 points of Saba River, where no significant difference was observed in terms of water quality and river sediment.

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In this study, a life cycle inventory analysis was undertaken to evaluate the greenhouse gas hotspots of potential hydrogen supply chains. The inventory data of the target hydrogen energy carriers (liquid hydrogen; LH, methylcyclohexane; MCH and ammonia; NH3) were collected from literatures and the life cycle inventory database IDEA (Inventory Database for Environmental Analysis) was used for life cycle calculations. The results suggest that research and development, process design and energy substitution should be required at hydrogen liquefaction process (LH), dehydrogenation process (MCH) and NH3 production process to establish a low carbon hydrogen supply chain.

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　本研究では，上流からの土砂を下流に排出する地下トンネル（土砂バイパストンネル）を有するダムの下流を対象に，土砂供給による付着藻類の繁茂を抑制する効果の定量化を目的として，付着藻類現存量の年変動のモデル予測を行った．そして，観測値と比較してモデルの精度を確認した後，土砂バイパストンネルからの放流の有無による付着藻類現存量の違いをモデル予測で比較した．このとき，トンネルからの放流がない場合は，供給土砂の堆積が生じず，河床材料が細粒化しないと設定した．この結果，洪水時（秋季）において，両者の付着藻類現存量にほとんど違いがなかったが，洪水後（冬季～春季）において，トンネルからの放流がある場合の方が，ない場合より付着藻類の剥離がより早いタイミングで生じた．この理由として，トンネルからの供給土砂の堆積で河床が細粒化することで，小規模な洪水時における河床材料の移動（河床の攪乱）が生じやすくなり，付着藻類の剥離が促進されるためと考えられる．

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Laboratory experiment on relation between bed load and algal detachment revealed that bed load with the diameter of 5-15mm is most effective to remove attached algae. A prediction model of detachment of the attached algae, which consists of flow equation and the relation between tractive force and algal detachment, was constructed and applied to a riverine section in about 1 km downstream reach from Miyagase dam, Kanagawa, Japan, where serious proliferation of filamentous algae occurs. The result shows that the artificial flood with the smaller discharge, compared with the present flush discharge, is enough to remove the attached algae when the bed load with the diameter of 10.4mm was supplied with sufficient.

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重症心身障害児（者）（重症児者）を対象とした機械による咳介助（MI-E）及び徒手介助併用の機械による咳介助（MAC）の有効性は，報告数がきわめて少なく十分に検証されていない．今回，当院短期入所中に右上腕骨骨幹部骨折を受傷し右側臥位が制限された重症児に対して，MACおよび可能な範囲の体位ドレナージを肺炎治療に併用し，その経過を検討した．

症例は，気管切開下陽圧換気管理の18歳の男性で，溺水後遺症による重症心身障害児．右上腕骨骨折後に肺炎及び無気肺を認めた．当患者に対して，MACおよび可能な範囲の体位ドレナージを肺炎治療に併用した．左肺を中心とした広範な無気肺は，最終的には合併症なく改善が認められた．

骨折により体位が制限されることは，肺炎や無気肺に繋がる可能性がある．重症児者の呼吸ケアにおいてMACと体位ドレナージの併用は，肺炎治療の一助になることが示唆された．

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　 初めて緊急入院をした子どもの母親の思いを明らかにすることを目的に，半構成面接法による質的帰納的研究を行った。乳幼児６名の母親の語りから，以下のことが明らかになった。子どもの発症で，母親は〔子どもの症状が改善しないことで生じる心配や焦り〕や〔医師の対応に対する納得や不信〕，そして〔家族の協力がある安心〕を感じていた。入院が決定すると〔入院する事実に直面した不安や安心〕や〔処置を受けることへの戸惑いと安堵〕を抱き，〔今後の見通しへの不安〕〔入院生活を予想しての心配〕もあるが，〔看護師の対応で安心〕したり，〔周囲の協力体制の重要性を認識〕していた。その後，退院まで，母親は〔子どもの症状の変化に一喜一憂〕しながら，一方で〔病院という環境下で生活することへの戸惑い〕や〔家族の協力がある安心〕を感じていた。そして〔今後の症状への対処に対する憂慮〕や〔看護師への要望や感謝〕もあった。この時期，〔自分の体調への気づき〕もあった。

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Growth and detachment of the attached-algae in river bed is one of the key factors in ecological system in the river. The detachment process of the algae can be categorized into three types, namely 1 Natural detachment due to aging, 2 Detachment due to flow and bed material load and 3 Detachment caused by rolling of the bed material. To evaluate the detachment processes during flood, we conducted a series of field survey in a site in the Johge River. In the period this survey had been conducted, a flushing discharge and a flood due to typhoon were observed. The chlorophyll-a densities on the bed material before and after floods were measured. Based on the field survey results, the detachment processes of algae are evaluated, and a new model to estimate an amount of detachment during the flood is proposed.

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Field measurement and numerical simulation are carried out for an artificial flush flood in 2010 in the downstream reach of Haizuka dam located at the Jouge River to quantify the effect of flush flood on the exfoliation of attached algae. Measured items are water level, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), SS and attached algae at several locations. The relation between Chl-a attached to riverbed stones and velocity at the same location before the flood and the relation between detached rate of the algae and accumulated bed shear stress during the flood are obtained based on the field observation and 2-D numerical simulation. Based on these relations the total amount of supplied algae to water over the measurement reach during the flood is estimated to around 15.0kg in which the total amount of exfoliated algae is estimated to around 9.4kg.

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Ohyamagawa Dam is an intake weir for two hydroelectric power plants along the upper Chikugo River, so-called the Ohyama River. After 2002, environmental flow regime has been changed from 1.5m3/s to 4.5m3/s in summer (April-September) and 1.8m3/s in winter for river restoration under regulated condition by dams. But, this improvement of environmental flow regime was not considered to give a satisfactory condition for the river environment. Thus, in 2011 we attempted artificial flushing experiments from the dam to improve it by detaching attached algae on the riverbed material as a possible countermeasure. In-situ measurement for hydraulic conditions and attached algae sampling were conducted during the flushing experiment. As a result of this research, flushing discharge of 40m3/s is the minimum appropriate discharge for the Ohyama River under the realistic restriction.

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　本研究では，下処理時間が比較的長い外食産業および特定給食施設における調理条件を考慮して，アブラナ科野菜中に含まれるGSL量の消長を調べた。その結果，ブロッコリーであれば小房程度，キャベツでは5×5 cm程度，クレソンでは4 cm長さ，ダイコンでは剥皮したか否かに関わらず厚さ5 mm以上の銀杏型，あるいはこれら以上の大きさに切裁する場合には，保冷3時間の間には，切裁による有意な減少が認められないことが明らかとなった。一方，組織破壊が大きいものは残存率が小さくなり，切裁後保存したものではGSLの大幅な減少は避けられない。GSLの摂取量を多く見込むためには，切裁後保存する野菜では，ある程度の大きさに切裁することが望ましい。また，細かく切裁するものでは，供食直前に処理する必要がある。

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The existence of two types of intramolecular cation-π interactions between a phenyl and a pyridinium, and between a thiocarbonyl and a pyridinium in nicotinic amide derivatives have been clarified by ¹H NMR and CD spectroscopies, X-ray structural analysis and calculations.
These interactions resulted in the shielding of one side of the pyridinium face by the phenyl or the thiocarbonyl group, which enables nucleophiles to attack the pyridinium ring from the opposite side. Addition of organometallic reagents and ketene silyl acetals gave 1, 4-dihydropyridines in high regio- and stereoselectivities. The stereochemistry of the chiral center of the products was opposite depending on whether the chiral auxiliary is oxazolidine or thiazolidine-2-thione.
Moreover, the DMAP derivatives bearing a thiazolidine-2-thione moiety served as asymmetric acylating catalysts. Kinetic resolution of a variety of sec-alcohols was performed in the presence of 0.5 mol% of the catalyst with the s values of 7-30.

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