蓄熱式空調用熱源プラントの最適運転制御問題は,本来大規模な混合整数計画問題であるが,ここでは,近似解を短時間で比較的簡単に求めることのできる実用的な近似解法を提案した.この手法は,まず第一ステップで線形計画法が適用できるところまで問題を単純化し,2段階シンプレックス法を用いて近似最適解を求め,第二ステップでその解を現実問題に適合するように補正して近似解を求めるものである.この近似最適運転制御法を実際の施設の空調用熱源プラントに適用し,運転シミュレーションを行った結果,現状よりも低コストでの運転が可能であることが示され本手法の有効性が確認された.

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This investigation was conducted in an attempt to clarify the levels of total, alkyl, and methyl mercuries in the fish and shells caught in coastal waters where mercurial pollution was not assumable.
The development of analytical procedures proposed by the present authors for mercury determination made it possible to conduct an extensive survey of the mercury distribution in the fish and shells, totaling 133 samples, available at Yamaguchi and adjacent waters.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The results of the analysis for total mercury were that mean values of 0.069, 0.078, 0.058, and 0.041ppm were obtained in the edible portions of fish, crustacean, cephalopod, and bivalve and gastropod groups respectively, with wide within-group variation.
2) No lower alkyl mercuries, except methyl mercury, were detected in any of the samples. It is conceivable, therefore, that the content of lower alkyl mercury coincides with that of methyl mercury when the sample is obtained from the coastal waters probably uncontaminated with mercury. Mean values of methyl mercury in the edible portion of the four abovementioned groups were 0.046, 0.009, 0.025, and 0.008ppm respectively.
3) The mean ratios of methyl mercury to total mercury in the edible portion of the four groups were 0.67, 0.46, 0.70, and 0.18 respectively.

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The uptake of mercury by fish, regardless of whether the mercuric compounds originate from natural activities or are introduced into the aquatic environment as pollutants, can occur via two possible routes: the incorporation through the gastro intestinal tract or the direct absorption from the surrounding water.
To further elucidate the possible routes, the patterns of increasing mercury content with growth were traced in two types of red sea bream, i.e., wild and cultured fish, whose diets were different from each other and whose circumstances relating to mercury levels of the surrounding water could be assumed not to differ significantly.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
In both the dorsal and the ventral flesh of the wild fish, the total content of mercury increased exponentially with an increase of the body length. On the other hand, in the dorsal flesh of the cultured fish an equimolecular relation was obtained.
The ratio of methy1 mercury to the total amount of mercury, in the wild fish, increased with increasing the body length, as opposed to the constancy of this ratio in the case of the cultured fish.
From these results, it was concluded that the difference in mercury levels between the wild and cultured fish may be derived from the difference in diets.
In addition, it was shown that the alky1 mercury in these fish is predominantly methy1 mercury, while ethy1 and buty1 mercury are not detected.

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琵琶湖魚類中のメチル水銀を電子捕獲型検出器付きガスクロマトグラフィーにより,正確かつ能率的に定量することを目的として,試料の前処理方法を比較検討した。均一化した魚肉試料を用いてAOAC(Association of Official Analytical Chemists)法,直接抽出法及びアルカリ分解法を適用した。添加回収実験の結果,アルカリ分解法が回収率,再現性ともに最も良好であった。三つの方法を琵琶湖魚類に適用した結果,アルカリ分解法による分析値が最も高い値を示した。又,分析操作に要する時間は三つの方法で大差はなかった。

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With the aim of developing 1 kWh class lithium ion batteries with long life and high efficiencies, we trial manufactured batteries that were fabricated using LiCoO₂ and natural graphite as cathode and anode active materials, respectively with 1 mo1 dm⁻³ LiPF₆ or LiBF₄ dissolved in EC/DEC as an electrolyte. The construction of the batteries was based on the results of fundamental research done to elucidate the problems encountered with previous models. We achieved 543 cycles with high efficiencies with the 4th battery, exceeding the initial target of 500 cycles. The life and efficiencies of the 4th battery exceed those of large-scale lead storage batteries commercially available. It was noteworthy that engineering factors such as uniform impregnation of the electrolyte into the electrode laminates and maintenance of homogeneous conditions of laminates by the control of expansion and contraction during charge and discharge phases, respectively, were very important for the long life of large-scale lithium ion batteries.

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In the preceding paper, it was shown that such lower alkyl mercurials as methyl, ethyl, and butyl mercury can be distilled quantitatively by steam distillation.
In this connection, the steam distillation procedure has been applied for the determination of methyl mercury in fish and shells by gas-liquid chromatography.
The procedure herein adapted involves steam distilling the volatile alkyl mercurials as mercuric chlorides. The mercuric chlorides in the distillate are extracted with benzene, and the benzene phase is partitioned with a cysteine acetate solution. Methyl mercuric chloride in the aqueous phase is determined by electron capture gas-lipuid chromatography using α-chloronaphthalene as an internal standard.
The recovery of methyl mercuric chloride added to a variety of samples was found to be reproducible. The coefficient of variation for repeated determinations on a flesh sample of flounder was 2.3%.

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魚介類中のトリブチルスズ化合物を塩酸酸性下において塩化トリブチルスズ(TBTC)としてヘキサン-エチルエーテル(3:1,v/v)混液で抽出し,フロリジルカラムでクリーンアップ後,電子捕獲型検出器を用いるGCで定量する方法を検討した.分離カラム用充てん剤として10%Thermon-HG {Chromosorb W (AW-DMCS)}を使用したところ,TBTCのピークは著しくテイリングし,特に1ng以下の場合はカラム内に捕集されピークとして検出されなかった.そこで,カラムを塩酸-アセトン溶液で前処理し,更に試験溶液と塩酸-アセトン溶液を同時注入する方法を検討したところ,再現性の良い鋭敏なピークを得ることができ分析精度が向上した.本法による魚介類中のTBTCの回収率は95%,相対標準偏差は約3%であった.

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It is said that the cogeneration system(CGS) and Heat pump system(HP) are effective air conditioning systems for energy saving and CO₂ reduction in the commercial building. However, the economic, energy and environmental efficiency characteristics of these systems vary so much depending on the weather conditions and the demand patterns of heat and electric power.
In this research, we develop a model to evaluate the optimum capacity and the operating patterns of air conditioning system by nonlinear mixed integer programming in order to formulate the partial load properties of heating equipments in practical operation. Since our model involves the estimation procedure of energy load of the building based on the human density and the structure of that, it enables us to evaluate the optimum condition of tenants from the air conditioning demands.
The compatibility between the economy and the energy saving of the air conditioning system implementation planning has been the problem. We propose a new measure to develop an optimal energy saving system under the constraint of the investment recovery years as economic efficiency for the commercial building.
The results show us that the optimum planning depends on the regional weather conditions as well as energy equipments and energy load patterns.

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魚類のセレニウムと水銀含量の比率に関しては十分明白でないので, 水銀高蓄積スズキ中のセレニウムを部位別に, けい光光度法および原子吸光法によって測定比較した. セレニウムは肝・脾および腎に非常に高く, 脳・筋肉で低い. セレニウム/水銀のモル比は1ではなく, かなり大きい. 肝内のセレニウムはエキス分, 筋肉内では塩溶性タンパク質画分中に多く存在した.
マダイを水銀高濃度条件下で飼育実験したところ, セレニウムが環境中で自然濃度の範囲である場合は, 水銀蓄積増加に伴うセレニウム蓄積増加は, 肝・筋肉では認められなかった.

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Mercuric chloride or methylmercuric chloride was reacted with sodium selenite in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and these reaction mixtures were injected into tail vein of rats. Distribution of mercury in the rat tissues 1, 4, 24, and 168 hr after injection of the reaction mixture was determined by atomic absorption analysis. These experimental results were compared with the distribution of mercury in rats given mercuric chloride or methylmercuric chloride with sodium selenite. Unusual accumulation of mercury in the liver and spleen was found in the group given the reaction mixture of BSA, GSA, GSH, sodium selenite, and mercuric chloride, and in those given mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. This result supports the presumption that colloidal mercuric selenide is formed in the blood by simultaneous injection, because liver and spleen have phagocytic cells that engulf colloidal foreign particles. The significant accumulation of total mercury in the brain was found in the group given the reaction mixture of BSA, GSH, sodium selenite, and methylmercuric chloride, and in the group given methylmercuric chloride and sodium selenite. This result suggests that the reaction of methylmercury with selenium occurs in blood by their simultaneous injection, and that the reaction product easily permeates the brain.

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A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determining propyl gallate (PG) in cosmetic lotions and creams. The sample is extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract is cleaned up on a florisil column. PG in the purified extract is determined by reverse phase HPLC on a octadecylsilated silica column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water with 5% acetic acid, UV detector (275 nm) for the detection. Recoveries of PG from cosmetic samples spiked at 0.005 and 0.001% leveles were 96.2-98.0%, and the coefficients of variation were within 2.71-3.81%.

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日本各地から収集した77検体の茶葉およびその浸出液の亜鉛含量を原子吸光法により測定した。測定は二つの研究室で行い, 研究室間の測定値の変動についても評価した。
1) 同一の五つの煎茶葉についての二つの研究室での測定結果を比較すると二つの平均値は有意に異なっていたが, その差は平均値の5%程度であった。研究室Bにおいて測定のくり返しに由来する変動を求めたところ, 4%強であった。
2) 77検体についてえられた亜鉛含量の平均値±標準偏差は34.6±8.8μg/gであり, 文献値の大部分のものに匹敵する値であった。
3) 浸出割合は浸出時間が長くなると大きくなった。

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