Standard optical microscopes are based on diffraction imaging, and their resolution is limited to half the wavelength of the illuminating light. In contrast, scattered-light imaging depends on the sharpness of the optics and is not limited by the wavelength. This technique is used mainly for reflective dark-field observations. The combination of a scattered-light illumination system and sharp optics may improve the resolution of the transmitting microscope. It is well known that the large objective lens in a telescope improves the resolution by reducing the diffraction rings. The digital microscope, designed for industrial applications, has a large objective lens and a 16-bit high-gradation image-processing system, resulting in a sharper image. In this paper, a digital microscope is compared with a standard microscope using the same condenser lens in both cases, which produces scattered light. To amplify the scattered light, the light beam around the optical axis is masked in the condenser lens. Although the standard microscope uses an objective lens with a higher numerical aperture (NA = 0.92) than the digital microscope (NA = 0.82), the digital microscope achieved a higher resolution (over 2500 line-pairs/mm) than the standard microscope, even under dry conditions. This resolving power is greater than that predicted by classical optical theory.

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舌尖部に生じた血管筋腫の1例を報告した。症例は53歳の男性で, 約20年前から舌尖部の腫瘤を自覚していた。一般に口腔領域の血管筋腫はロ蓋と口唇に好発するとされており, 舌に生じたものとしては本報告例が本邦では第2例目であった。光顕的には複雑に錯走する平滑筋細胞の増生からなり, そのなかに壁の肥厚した静脈様の血管が散見された。超微構造的には増生した平滑筋細胞と混在して未分化な細胞ならびに未分化な細胞と平滑筋細胞との移行型と思われる細胞が観察された。この様な所見は血管筋腫が未分化間葉細胞に由来することを示唆するものと考えられた。

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Recently, it has been found that there is a constant difference between the results of the particle size distribution measured with the sieve method and the optical microscope image processing method.
The causes for this are due to the particles being destroyed with the sieve and the dependence on the varied shape of the particles and how they flow through the mesh of the sieve.
In this paper, the relation between the mesh size and the shape of the particle is modelled and the formula which expresses the relation between the equivalent mesh diameter D_m of the sieve and the equivalent volume diameter D_p is established.
The propriety of this model is shown by the experimental results.

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　養殖ブリに発生する“黄疸症”について、血液学的ならびに細菌学的に原因を調べたところ、いずれの病魚の血液塗抹標本においてもギムザ染色液に染まる長さ4～6μmの桿状微生物が観察された。8種類の培地を用いてその分離を試みた結果、FCSを10％添加したL-15培地で増殖が認められた。走査型および透過型電顕による観察から、この微生物は細菌の一種であることが分かった。10％FCS添加L-15培地で培養した本菌をブリ稚魚に実験的に接種すると、自然発病魚と同様の黄疸症状が再現され、本菌が“黄疸症”の原因であることが判明した。

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Immunohistochemistry is a technique to examine the expression and distribution of biomolecules in situ using antibodies labeled with enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase. Generally, both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence are termed as immunostaining, because localized biomolecules in situ are detected with antigen-antibody immunoreactions producing color signals. Immunostaining techniques are divided into 3 types: direct, indirect, and amplification methods (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, avidin-biotin complex, and polymer). Because each method has advantages and disadvantages, the method should be selected according to the biological purpose. In this technical note, we describe mechanisms and procedures for immunostaining, including immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

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日本木材学会ではこのたび，木材科学，特に木材解剖学と木材材質学に関する二つの用語集を定めた。これら「木材解剖学用語集」と「材質用語集」の二つの用語集は，それぞれ「国際木材解剖用語集（1975）」と「材質に関する組織用語集（1972）」の改定版に相当する。本稿では制定における経緯と以前の用語集からの改定点を詳述する。これら用語集が多くの方々に幅広く用いられ木材研究の発展に寄与することを望む。

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近接場

は，微小な近接場光を用いて，超解像イメージングを行う超解像顕微鏡法の一種である．ラマン分光法など，様々な光計測法を超解像化できるのが特長である．本稿では，特にバイオイメージング応用の視点から，近接場の最新技術について紹介する．

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