アレルギーの治療には大きく分け, 薬物療法, 免疫療法, 手術療法が挙げられる、, 最も行われている薬物療法のうち, 局所点鼻療法としてH1受容体拮抗薬, ケミカルメディエター遊離抑制薬, ステロイド薬などが使用される。今回我々は新しい点鼻デバイス「ジェットライザー^TM」についてその有用性を考察した。この点鼻用デバイスは粉末薬剤の噴霧器であり, 今までのものと比較し, 鼻腔への噴霧状態, 噴霧能力ともより有用と考えられた。局所点鼻療法は鼻アレルギー治療になくてはならない治療法であり, デバイスも含めた薬剤の検討が必要であると考える。

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乗用車用ガソリン機関の燃費低減技術として採用されている吸気弁遅閉じについて，熱効率向上と排出ガス低減を目的に，ディーゼル機関への適用性の検討を行った．本報告では，小型商用車用ディーゼル機関において，吸気弁遅閉じによる有効圧縮比の低下が排出ガスおよび機関性能に与える影響について述べる．

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頸椎後縦靭帯骨化症を伴った頸椎前縦靭帯骨化症の一手術例を報告した.症例は83歳男性で,進行性嚥下障害と,頭部打撲を契機とした両上肢のしびれ感,脱力を認め,X-P,CT,MRIにてC2からC6に至る頸椎前縦靭帯骨化症,C4-C5レベルの頸椎後縦靭帯骨化症と診断,嚥下障害の原因は前者によるもの,上肢のしびれ,脱力は後者に伸展損傷が加わったものと思われた.これらに対し,前方アプローチにて両者を一期的に摘出し,術後症状の改善をみた.頸椎前縦靭帯骨化症は嚥下障害を呈する病態の一鑑別疾患として心にとめておくべきであり,また前方アプローチによる両者に対する一期的手術は有効であった.

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An autopsied case of septicemia and benign thymoma with abscess due to Salmonella typhi murium is described. An 81 year-old male was admitted because of high fever. He had been under treatment for chronic hepatitis for the past 4 years. The fever continued despite antibiotics with considerable fluctuation. There were spider angiomata, and the chest X-ray disclosed a large mass in the left thorax, occupying about 2/3 of the lung field. The leukocyte count was normal, and the liver function disorder was not remarkable except a slight retention of BSP. Cultures of blood and feces on several occasions grew out Salmonella typhi murium. The Widal test was moderately positive for paratyphoid B.
He succumbed on the 24th hospital day. The autopsy revealed a child head sized thymoma with a hen egg size abscess and several smaller ones. The same organisms were isolated from the abscess. The bowels were almost normal except for a mild inflammation in the small intestine. The liver was cirrhotic, and the spleen weighed 75 grams.
This case represents a rare clinical feature of Salmonella typhi murium infection in that overwhelming septicemia is generally uncommon, and that the pre-existing neoplasm was the site of abscess formation.

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Comparative studies were made on the therapeutic effects of several antimicrobial agents, such as Panfuran-S (FT), Chloramphenicol (CP), Kanamycin (KM), Aminobenzylpenicillin (ABPC) and Cephaloridine (CER), for experimental salmonellosis in mice infected with an avirulent variant strain of Salmonella enteritidis, RB₁.
Of them, FT was found to have the most significant therapeutic effect (P<0.01-0.05), when more than 0.5 mg of the drug per mouse once a day was administrated orally at 0 and 24 hours after the infection. KM exhibiting the effect next to FT was effective only when it was administratedvia the intramuscular route immediately after infection, however, it was no longer effective if it was administrated 24 hours after the infection. None of the CER, ABPC and CP showed therapeutic effect on experimental salmonellosis in mice.

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Diesel Engines have an advantage in CO_2 emission, however NOx and Smoke need to be reduced. High pressure injection and steel piston are effective techniques of emission reduction. This experiment evaluates the effect of high pressure fuel injection of common rail system for emission reduction by using a naturally aspirated single cylinder engine. The injection pressures were changed from 100MPa to 180MPa and the injection timings were changed from-10deg. ATDC to 5deg. ATDC. Though the high injection pressure increased BSNOx, it reduced smoke greatly. It is good for high injection pressure to reduce exhaust emission.

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Twenty cases of salmonellosis, excluding typhoid fever, were admitted to our hospital during the threeyear period from 1965 to 1967.
In this paper, clinical observations of these cases are described first, then, based on these observations, a tentative criterion with the main emphasis on eradicating effect against causative agents is proposed for the judgment of effects of antibiotic administration. And, further, resistant patterns of isolated salmonellae to usual antibiotics are demonstrated, and finally the results of animal experiments with the organisms are presented.
1) The incidence was most frequent in summer.
2) Clinically, these cases were lacking characteristic features distinguishable from other resembling diseases without recoverying causative agents.
3) Various types of salmonellae were isolated from them, but the pattern of their ype distribution was much the same to that of other's recent reports in Japan.
4) It is noteworthy that only small number of cases took smooth course, while pretty many cases took lingering course excreting salmonellae in the feces for a long time in spite of repeated antibiotic treatments.
5) A criterion for the judgment of antibiotic effects was proposed here. Giving marks such as, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6, to clinical features and laboratory findings, like this if no salmonella were detected, give 0, if the pus appeared in the feces, give 1, and if salmonellae were isolated, give 6- and, finally, the sum total of marks gotten prior to antibiotic treatments is devided by those gotten after antibiotic treat. ments. The quotients are used for the judgment. Less than 0.29; good, 0.3-0.69; fair, and bigger than 0.7; ineffective.
6) In susceptibility tests of isolated strains against various antibiotics, the number of SM-resistant strains was predominant, followed by TC-resistant ones. Out of strains isolated, those which belong to. B group such as S. typhimurium and S. heidelberg tended to be more resistant than others.
7) In mice orally administrated of various types of salmonellae, they were usuallymaintained in the liver and the spleen. The longest maintenance was recorded in the case of S. heidelberg.

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In 1967, 62 cases among 656 in-patients of diagnosed and suspected bacillary dysentery in our hospital, were determined to be acute enteric fever due to Salmonella. The majority of these cases occurred in children (56.7%), among which, infants between the age of 0 and 4 were indicated 79.3%.
As to the clinical manifestations, diarrhea was more predominant in infants, but gastroenteritis in adults.
Sixty-five strains (17 types) of Salmonella were isolated from the patients and the first leading type of isolates was S. typhi-murium, the second was S. heidelberg, and then S. oranienburg.
Twenty-five antibiotic resistant strains which belonged to 7 types, were obtained, amont them S. typhi-murium accounted for 56%, and all of which showed distinct resistancy to streptomycin and tetracycline in concentration of 100 mcg./ml. or more.
In our cases, the clinical and bacteriological investigations indicated that the antibiotic treatment had been less effective on clinical symptoms especially on removal of pathogenic bacilli in patient's feces, than the cases of bacillary dysentery.

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Despite aerosol inhalation therapy plays a key role in the treatment of bronchial diseases, the devices for the treatment are not necessarily satisfactory. The present study was designed for the comparative functional assessment of our newly developed device with one of marketed devices, Spinhaler.
In order to evaluate them precisely and objectively, we assembled new two detection systems. One was for the detection of spouting amount, and another for pressure drop, or airway resistance. With regard to distribution of powder, we followed FDA requirement, using cascade impactor. Thus, we assessed these two devices from view points of these three functions, i. e. distribution, spouting and pressure drop, or airway resistance.
As the study results, the spouting and distribution functions of Spinhaler were found poor. The spouting amount of Spinhaler was unstable and varied from 0 % to 100 %, mostly 30 to 50 %. Sometimes its needle did not puncture the capsule at all. Spinhaler took one second at the fastest but usually took more than ten seconds to complete its spouting.
On the contrary, Jethaler spouted out always more than 90 % of the powder and completed spouting within 0.1 second. Collection of the most appropriate particle size for inhalation to bronchi, from 1.1 up to 7 micro meter, with Jethaler was larger by 30 to 50 % than that with Spinhaler. The application of unique control mechanism of air stream enabled us to develop this device for dry powder inhalation. This new device weighs only 30 grams and is handy.

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate the combustion system that the ignition is promoted by the spark discharge into pre-mixture formed during long ignition delay time due to low compression ratio direct injection diesel engines. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to investigate the potential of effect of spark discharge on combustion process by changing spark timing, injection timing, equivalence ratio and an amount of fuel. As a fuel, lauric methyl ester (LaME) is used that is one of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and has characteristics of relatively high volatility and high ignition quality. From the result, it was found that in the case of volumetric efficiency 34% spark-induced ignition (S.I.I.)_combustion is observed, in the S.I.I. condition, the ignition delay time advanced for about 5 degree CA, and the ignition timing is controlled by spark timing within 5 degree CA. Furthermore, the applicability of starting performance is also discussed which is one of the major problems in low compression ratio diesel engines due to lower temperature at the end of the compression stroke, compared with the high compression ratio diesel engines.

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薬剤吸入療法においてドライパウダー吸入剤の使用頻度が増加しているが, 一般にドライパウダー吸入剤は非球形でかつ製剤ごとに異なった粒子密度を持つことから, 同じ幾何学的形状をしていても空気力学径は異なることが知られている。したがって, 気道内での薬剤局所沈着量は空気力学径により求められる慣性力や拡散力を因子として推測されることから, 非球状ドライパウダー吸入剤の薬剤局所沈着量を正確に予測できないという問題点がある。本研究では, 吸入剤の空気力学径が, 製剤の粒子径, 粒子密度, 粒子形状, 気流との配向角に影響を受けることを明らかにした。ここで, 非球状薬剤粒子の気流との配向角は流体力学的モデルの数値解析により評価できた。また実験により, 飛行時間法により空気力学径を直接に測定した結果はこれらの数値解析結果を支持するものであった。ドライパウダー吸入剤の気道内での薬剤局所沈着率は空気力学径と吸入条件により求められるが, ヒト気道をモデル化したアンダーセン法を用いて局所沈着率を実験的に確認した結果, 実験結果は数値解析結果と極めてよく一致することがわかった。
以上の知見より, 非球状ドライパウダー吸入剤の使用の際には, 製剤の物理化学的性状を十分に把握して, 吸入剤の局所沈着率を予測することが必要である。

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Dispersion performance of Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) depends largely upon the inhalation patterns of patients. In the present work, the inhalation patterns of healthy and COPD subjects with DPI were measured and a breathing simulator was constructed. Then, a measurement method with a gravitational settling chamber that allowed the particle size measurement without the dispersion during the measurement was proposed for the measurement of DPI dispersion performance under the simulated inhalation conditions. As a result, it was found that an increase in pressure drop of DPI markedly reduces the peak flow rate and that the dispersion performance of DPI is greatly affected by the inspiration patterns. The experimental data also suggested that Andersen impactor which is commonly used for the evaluation of dispersion performance of DPI is not suitable for this purpose because the dispersion of drug particles in the impactor is inevitable.

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