Fossil diatoms found in two diatomite samples taken from two vertically located strata about one meter above the surface of the road on the top of Katakura-toge (Katakura Pass), Mochizuki Town, Nagano Prefecture were investigated.
In these saamples,49 taxa in c luding5 unidentifiedt axa were recorded. They belong to the 18genera and 7 families. Among those taxa, two species, Cocconeis diminuta and Melosira distans are noticeable. The former alkalibiontic form is abundant,40.3 % in the upper stratum but much less in the lower stratum,6.7 %. On the other hand, the latter acidophilous form is abundant,50.8 % in the lower stratum, but less 23.6 % in the upper stratum.
Based mainly on those facts, the past sedimentary environ m ent of those strata is assumed to be a lake or marsh in which the transition occurred from acidic water caused presumably by volcanic activities to alkaline water caused by successive plant growth.

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The importance of iron oxide has to be emphasized greatly as the materials of ferrites. There are many ways of manufacturing process in making iron oxide.
This study is mainly aimed at solid reaction of ferrites which are made from various kinds of iron oxide processed from different manufacturing procedures.
The results showed that wet method, especially in goethite, is faster in solid reaction than dry method which is usually employed. This is caused by the particle size as well as diffusibility. We believe that iron oxide processed by wet method or day method will differ a great deal in magnetic characters.

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The ion nitriding has many advantages for the gas nitriding or the salt-bath method. To obtain nessesary data to scale-up the ion nitriding to an industrial scale is purposed. (1) A suitable pumping system for the ion nitriding is a combination of a mechanical booster and a rotary pump. (2) Mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen with the ratio of 2 to 1 is suitable for the treating gas. (3) Gamma-dash phases are usually observed and epsilon phases are not appeared in the experimental range of 0.05 to 2 Torr for S45C, SACM-1 and eutectic cast iron F2 even though the thicknesses of the layers are different for each materials. (4) Temperature which the nitriding effect becomes evident is approximately 300°C for laboratorious and industrial scale of time. (5) Activation energies of ion nitriding are 14.7, 16.2, 17.3, and 22.4 for SACM-1, S45C, SUS304 and F2, respectively, which are farely lower than them of gas nitriding. (6) Size changes due to the ion nitriding at 500°C, 10 hours are within 2, 3, 5, and 12 microns increase for S45C, SACM-1, F2 and SUS304, respectively, which are nearly same as them reported for gas nitriding.

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Fossil diatoms found in three samples, upper, middle, and lower stratum from Ohkui diatomite, Komoro city, Nagano Prefecture were investigated. In three samples,73 taxa belonging to the 23 genera and 8 families including unidentified 6 taxa were found.
Species of the Genus Fragilaria ( middle part,5%; upper part,64% ), Genus Melosira ( lower part,62%; middle part,56%; upper part,4%) and Genus Stephanodiscus ( lower part,13%; middle part,24%; upper part,18% ) appeared to be dominant.
The accumulation environment of this diatomite was assumed to be a lake or a marsh with stagnant water, based on the species component and dominant species of each part.

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Some kinds of metals are hardened by ion-bombarding with the reactive gas in glow discharge. This technique is being applied to surface hardening of some metals. In most cases, however, metals have been hardened by ion-nitriding using a nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture as a bombarding gas. In this work iron and some steels were bombarded in the city gas (the reformed naphtha which have a combustion heat of 3600 kcal/m²) in the temperature range from 400 fo 700°C in order to ion-carbo-nitriding. The gas seems to be useful for carbo-nitriding, because it consists of CH₄, CO, CO₂, N₂, H₂, H₂O, etc. The change on ion-bombarded specimens were investigated by means of optical microsrcopy, hardness measurement, X-ray analysis, etc. The following results were obtained.
In α-iron and S 15 C steel, the surface layers of cementite are formed at 650 to 700°C and their maximum hardnesses are higher than Hv 1000.
In SCM 21 and SACM 1 steels, the same layer is not observed clearly by the optical microscope but the reflections from the cementite are obtained on X-ray diffraction. They are soft in comparison with α-iron and S 15 C steels.
SUS 304 steel could not be carbo-nitrided.

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正常馬の各種の生理的条件下での血清トコフェロールの変動について検討した. 血清総トコフェロールは年齢・性別および日内変動における時刻での差異は認められなかった. 2才以上の馬での舎飼期 (11～2月) と放牧期 (6～10月) における血清総トコフェロールは, 舎飼期が166±65.4μg/100ml, 放牧期が216±63.4μg/100mlで, 舎飼期において有意な低値を示した. とくに, 舎飼期の供試馬の9%(8/88例) は100μg/100mlを下回る低値を示した. 成馬での季節変動では, 血清総トコフェロールとα-トコフェロールはともに冬期と春期に低く, 夏期と秋期に高い傾向がみられた.
分娩前後の血清総トコフェロールの変動では, 分娩1～2週間後に低下する傾向を示した. 新生子馬の血清総トコフェロールは出生直後 (哺乳前) に最低値 (210±45.5μg/100ml) で, 哺乳後増加して3日後に最高値 (907±232.4μg/100ml) となった.

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Serum vitamin E and coenzyme Q₁₀ level were 1.517±0.078 mg/dl and 0.811±0.058 μg/ml (Mean±Standard error) respectively in diabetics, which were higher than those of healthy persons.
Serum vitamin E or coenzyme Q₁₀ level was correlated significantly with serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids level, and coenzyme Q₁₀ level with lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Also serum vitamin E level was correlated with coenzyme Q₁₀ level significantly.
The relationship between these levels and age, duration, body weight, treatment, control or complications was examined in diabetics. Both levels were elevated in the groups of diabetics with high Serum urea nitrogen, low serum total protein, retinopathy or electrocardiogram abnormality.
From these results it was suggested that serum vitamin E and coenzyme Q₁₀ possessed the correlation with its vascular complications.

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Carbon steels ion-nitrided under various conditions were examined with respect to the microstructure, hardness, phase and thickness of the compound layer, and the depth of the diffusion layer. Furthermore, the wear resistance of ion-nitrided carbon steels was investigated under the unlubricated condition by means of an Ogoshi rapid wear testing machine. The following results were obtained.
(1) The amounts of the ε-Fe₂₋₃N and γ′-Fe₄N phases which constituted the compound layer were affected by the gas composition in the N₂-H₂ gas mixture atmosphere and also by the carbon content of specimens. In the specimens of higher carbon contents, γ′-Fe₄N monophase was formed in the lower N₂ gas atmosphere.
(2) In the 20% N₂ gas atmosphere, the thickness of the compound layer was hardly influenced by the carbon content, but, in the 80% N₂ gas atmosphere, the thickness increased with an increase in carbon content.
(3) The depth of the diffusion layer decreased with an increase in carbon content.
(4) The wear characteristic of the ion-nitrided carbon steels little depended on the phase of the compound layer, the thickness of the compound layer (about 7∼16 μm) and the carbon content, and the ion-nitrided carbon steels showed far better wear resistance than the normalized carbon steels.
(5) In the carbon steels, the compound layer contributed greatly for wear resistance.

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自閉症は「人との相互干渉,コミュニケーション,想像力」の「3つ組」の障害である.支援に際しては《個々の子どものもつ自閉症特性への配慮》が望まれる.つまり《肯定的な表現を心がけること,適切な行動を示すこと,分かるように示すこと=視覚的に具体的に示すこと,興味と能力に合わせること》が重要である.このようにして子どもに合った適切な環境を用意し,音声言語にこだわらずに自発的コミュニケーションや自立的行動を育てることは,自閉症の子どもたちが不適応行動をおこさず,必要な援助(代替コミュニケーションやスケジュール,ソーシャルストーリーなど)を自ら積極的に利用する力を育み,自閉症としての自己を肯定的に受けいれることにつながるであろう.

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Fossil diatom assemblages were documented from outcrops of the Tsumori Formation (Middle Pleistocene) distributed along the Kanayama River, Mashiki Town, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.102 taxa in 40 genera were identified for fossil freshwater diatoms in three siltstone samples (KUM-102,104,108) from the Formation. The diatom assemblage of three samples showed dominant taxa of araphid pennate diatoms (14 taxa)with a fruquency of 43%, accompanied with centric diatoms (5 taxa) 27%, biraphid pennate diatoms (73 taxa) 18% and monoraphid pennate diatoms (10 taxa) 12%. Taxonomic information is described on seven species: Cyclostephanos kyushuensis H. Tanaka, Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb., Epithemia hyndmanii W. Sm., Gomphonema vibrio Ehrenb. var. subcapitaturn (Mayer) J. H. Lee, Navicula subcostulata Hust. var. rostrata Hust., Rhopalodia novaezelandiae Hust. and Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. var. hattorii Tsumura. In the sample KUM-108, fossils of Epithemia hyndmanii were found attached to chips of wood.

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カヤネズミの生息環境は，通常，低地の草地，水田，畑，休耕地，沼沢地などのイネ科・カヤツリグサ科の植物が密生する水気の多いところに多いとされる．一方，全国的に河川敷・堤防が最もよく利用されているとの報告もあるが，河川敷・堤防の植生と営巣との関係についての報告は少ない．さらに，都市域の河川敷緑地における生息状況と植生面積との関係について調査検討した事例は見られない．そこで，名古屋市西部の庄内川の河川敷・堤防においてカヤネズミの球状巣を調査し，分布と周辺植生の関係を解析することで，都市域の河川敷緑地に生息するカヤネズミの営巣環境の特徴を把握した．その結果，確認された球状巣を中心に20m バッファ内の周辺植生は，セイバンモロコシやオギが優占する草地面積が745.4–860.9m²（65.1–79.3%）と多くを占め生息適地と考えられるものがあった．一方で，人工裸地や公園・グラウンドが優占し，草地面積が114.2–297.8m²（9.2–30.1%）と少ないにも関わらず営巣していることが確認された．名古屋市のような都市部の人為的影響の強い河川敷緑地において，わずかな植生を営巣場所として活用していることが明らかとなった．

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Deformation and fracture behaviour of carbon fibre-reinforced copper matrix composites with very weak interfacial bond, which were prepared by the plating and vacuum hot-pressing technique, were investigated. In spite of the weak interfacial bond, the externally applied load was transferred to the fibres owing to both mechanical interaction between the fibres and the matrix and compression on the specimen in the chucks. The mechanical interaction between the fibres and the matrix in ths case of weak or debonded interface was examined by the multiple-fracture test of single fibre-composites. Most composites with a higher fibre volume fraction exhibited splitting due to their weak transverse strength. As the transverse strength increased with increasing strength of interfacial bond and decreasing fibre volume fraction, splitting occurred for the higher fibre volume fraction at a given (weak) strength of the bond. Effects of the interfacial bond on fracture behaviour, especially on splitting and crack propagation, were discussed. Most of the measured values of ultimate tensile strength of the composites were lower than those calculated by the rule of mixtures.

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本研究の目的は,児童自立支援施設入所児童の情緒と行動の特徴と虐待の有無や種類との関係を明らかにすることであった。全国の児童自立支援施設4ヵ所,78名の児童の担当職員(29名)と統制群として一般中高生88名のクラス担任(22名)にChild Behavior Checklist/4-18(子どもの行動チェックリスト,以下CBCLと示す)を中心とした質問紙に記入を依頼した。その結果,(1)施設群は「引きこもり」や「不安・抑うつ」・「非行的行動」・「攻撃的行動」など,「身体的訴え」を除くすべてのCBCL尺度で統制群よりも高得点を示した。施設群の各特徴としては(2)中学生全体として外向尺度に大きな問題を抱えていた。虐待の有無による分析では,(3)虐待のない男子群で被虐待群・統制群より「非行的行動」,「攻撃的行動」,外向尺度で高く,「思考の問題」も抱えていることが明らかになった。虐待種別では(4)身体的虐待の特徴に「不安・抑うつ」が見られた。しかし,自立支援施設入所児童のように問題行動の高い場合には虐待群間の特徴が鮮明にはならず,その特徴が背後に隠れてしまう可能性が指摘された。従って,その点を十分考慮した生活場面での支援と心理的援助の必要性が指摘される結果となった。

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