This research analyzes discussions regarding the development of public laundries as a part of social work in Korea under Japanese colonial rule. 48 public laundries were intensively established in the 1920s. Per the public laundry plans, there are similarities and differences between facilities. In sum, construction plans were not standardized. During this period, it was also recommended that traditional white Korean clothes be dyed in colors. Establishing public laundries and introducing incentives for the dyeing of white Korean clothes were supposed to be two measures to solve problems of the laundry concerning traditional white Korean clothes.

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In Japan biostratigraphic studies were began with R. PUMPELLY's route survey in South Hokkaido in 1862 and A. M. EDWARDS' identification of diatoms collected therefrom in 1866. B. S. LYMAN's A general Report of the Geology of Yesso was printed in 1877. About 10 centuries before this, however, elephant bones were already used in Japan for medicine. In 1870 geology was first taught in South College of Kaisei. The geological institute, University of Tokio was founded in 1877, followed by the Geological Survey of Japan in 1882. The geology of the Japanese islands was outlined by E. NAUMANN in 1885 and the geological sequence figured out in 1890 in Die japanische Inseln by T. HARADA. Since the discovery of the recumbent fold of the Akiyoshi limestone in Province Nagato by Y. OZAWA, 1923, geological studies improved rapidly with the result that the growth of the islands by Mesozoic orogenies was schematized in 1941. Considerable advancements were made since then in various ways.
C. GOTTSCHE was first to publish Geologische Skizze von Korea in 1886 and her orographic Sketch by KOTO 1904 was the second contribution. The geological survey of Korea was founded in 1922 and her geological sequence schematized by KAWASAKI in 1926. The complicate geological structure of the Phyeongyang coal-filed, North Korea was clarified by NAKAMURA and his students and the geology of the Ogcheon folded zone in South Korea by KOBAYASHI and his students. The Triassic Songrim and late Jurassic Daebo orogenies are responsible for the intricate deformation of these areas. In the Cretaceous period there was the Tsushima basin between South Korea and West Japan where the thick pygoclastic non-marine sediments were accumulated. Latir the peninsular outline was figured out by the repeated upheavals with the elevating axis near the Sea of Japan.

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This essay explores the role of Koreans in the process of extending telegraphic services from 1910 to 1937. In contrast to previous studies which have focused on the telegraphic policies of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, I will focus on the role and activities of Koreans in extending telegraphic services during this period. First, as one of several industrial promotion programs implemented by Japan, budget allocation for the implementation of telegraphic policies was relatively high until 1915. Although this spending declined for a while with the introduction of a financial plan for a self-sufficient colonial Korea, it began to increase again after World War I. However, as a result of the "3.1 Independence Movement" in 1919, the budget for telegraphic services was spent almost entirely on facilities for the military and police ruling colonial Korea, rather than on facilities for the public. This trend continued in the 1930s, assigning budget allocations for the construction of a telegraphic network for the government and control of colonial Korea and Manchuria. Second, most new public telegraphic facilities in colonial Korea took the form of telegraphic facilities created by petition (seigan denshin shisetu) and by donation (kifu denshin shisetu), established since the 1920s through investment by Koreans. While programs for telegraphic expansion stagnated as a result of tight fiscal policy, demand for telegraphic services increased dramatically and resulted in the "telegraphic congestion" of 1918. In the face of this congestion, private organizations began action pressing the Government-General for the expansion of telegraphic facilities. Both facilities established by petition and by donation played a significant role in the extension of telegraphic services in colonial Korea from the 1920s to the first half of the 1930s. These facilities established with the encouragement of Koreans, especially public-spirited men of the locality (chiikiyushi), facilitated the transformation of colonial Korea into a market- and information-oriented society. Existing studies have seen the telegraphic service in colonial Korea as a mean of colonial suppression and a part of an imperial telecommunications network connecting Japan with colonial Manchuria This paper argues that the telegraphic facilities created through investment by Koreans also played a leading role in the extension of telegraphic services since the 1920s.

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本論文は、1914年から1925年までの間に朝鮮において施行された林野調査事業とその施行上の問題点を探り、それを分析したものである。分析に際し、主に韓国行政安全部国家記録院に所蔵されている各道の『林野調査終末報告書』を参考にした。分析した結果、以下のことが明らかになった。(1)臨時土地調査局を廃止し、既存の官署を活用して林野調査を行ったことは、明らかな失敗であり、その結果、試験事業が混乱したため事業が十分に達成できず、道が制定した実施要領の内容も混乱した。(2)林野所有者に森林法時の出願経費や林野調査時の協議費徴収といった過重な負担を負わせることになった。(3)法規が整備されない状態で施行された後、内規を通して施行されるようになり、朝鮮林野調査令と同施行規則、同施行手続きの制定が遅延することになった。(4)林野調査における林野以外の土地の調査が後から実施されることになり、このことによって大きな影響が生じた。(5)山土地台帳などの別途作成された帳簿は、の時代にこれを是正して完成した。(6)森林調査の従事者は峻嶺高山で悪戦苦闘した割に低賃金で雇用され、事業終了後の再就職に対する対策も不十分であった。(7)地形図から作製された看做林野図、未完成の林野図、特に経済的な価値がなく、交通が不便との理由で調査対象から除外された島嶼など、その原因とこれを完成した過程を各市郡の地籍課(土地管理課)の協力を得て明らかにした。

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the diffusion of Kodokan Judo in the Korean Empire, especially its relation to school physical education. The process of foundation and diffusion of Kodokan Judo in Korean Empire can be divided into 3 periods, in relation to the Japanese policy of colonialism during the first half of the twentieth century. Namely, during the military rule period (1910∼1919), private Judo gyms were stablished. During the cultural rule period (1920∼1926), even though there were various difficulties, the movement to establish Kodokan Judo was enlarged and developed with Korean Budokan and Kodokan. At the end of Japan Empire period (1927∼1938), the private gyms were consolidated under the leadership of Japan, into Korean Association of Physical Education. Through the teaching of judo, national pride and an independent spirit were fostered in the people.

During the early period of Japanese rule in Korea (the military rule period), all public schools’ physical education program changed to a military type of program, which included judo, kendo, and gymnastics etc. This change followed what was being done in Japan at this time. During the cultural rule period, in all Junior High Schools, the teaching of gymnastics was abolished and Judo was a mandatory subject in the curriculum. Moreover, at this time, many schools established Judo clubs and practice halls, so that the sport was greatly developed during this time.

The diffusion of Judo escalated at the end of Japan Empire period when the so-called military training was enforced in school physical education; so the practice of Judo was widespread in many schools in the country. In this way, the diffusion of Judo in Korean Empire can be seen occurring during three distinct periods.

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　本研究は，日韓併合期の土木史研究の充実に向け，日本国内の文献資料および筆者が入手した当時事業に携わった土木技術者の手記から，まとまった事業群として考察が可能な慶尚南道の道路橋建設事業の実態を明らかにするものである．慶尚南道において同時期に一連の体制よって建設された対象6橋：南旨橋，洛東橋，蟾津橋，鼎岩橋，赤布橋，守山橋について，事業概要，事業時期，携わった土木技術者とその体制等を明らかにした．また多径間ゲルバー橋の支間割における特徴の帝都復興事業の相生橋との類似性を指摘した．さらに主に関連した土木技術者5名の経歴を整理し，うち4名が学んだ攻玉社の橋梁設計を指導した講師陣の設計思想等の特徴を示した．

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This study aimed to clarify target groups of dislike feeling of Japanese people and analyze elements of the feeling. Web survey was conducted among 1,000 Japanese adults, whose ages ranged from 20 to 69 years old. The results showed that approximately two thirds of the survey participants could report target group(s) of dislike feeling, and Japanese new religions, three neighboring countries and the Islamic State were mainly reported as target groups. Sex and age differences were small in categories of reported target groups, and male’s hostile commitments for the groups were relatively higher than female’s. Sensitivities for threat in environment related to negative attitude for the target groups and the relationships were higher in males than in females. These results were consistent with general results of previous studies.

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