雪崩を質点や剛体と仮定した運動モデルでは，雪崩の厚さや広がりがわからないなど防災上不備な点も多い．こうした背景のもと，土石流や地すべりなどの粒状体に加えて溶岩流の流動や堆積の再現にも実績がある連続体モデルTITAN2Dを用いて雪崩の運動シミュレーションを試みた．本稿では，実際の雪崩への適用に先立ち，雪粒子を含む3 種類の粒子を用いた室内実験を実施し，TITAN2Dによる計算結果との比較を通してモデルの性能評価を行った．TITAN2Dが浅水流近似により導かれたモデルであること，さらには底面摩擦角の測定の困難さが起因して，流れの先端速度，最大高さ（厚さ）と広がりに相違が見られた場合があるものの，全体的にはTITAN2Dは実験結果を再現しており，実際の雪崩現象への拡張も十分に可能と結論された．

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雪崩を質点や剛体と仮定した流動モデルでは，雪崩の高さや広がりがわからないなど防災上不備な点も多い．こうした背景のもと，連続体モデルTITAN2Dを用いて雪崩の運動シミュレーションを試みた．本稿では2012年1月16日に山形県最上郡大蔵村肘折地区で発生した乾雪全層雪崩への適用例を紹介する．モデルに入力する底面摩擦角は，雪崩の発生規模と到達距離に関する先行研究から，また内部摩擦角は雪玉状となった雪塊の堆積形状から安息角をそれぞれ見積もって計算を行った．その結果，先端速度と流下距離を高い精度で再現することに成功した． 次に，上記の結果に基づいて，当該地区の雪崩斜面を対象に，多項式カオス求積法（Polynomial Chaos Quadrature：PCQ）を用いて，雪崩の発生規模や底面摩擦角など，モデルに入力するパラメータの不確定性を考慮した確率論に基づく雪崩ハザードマップを作成した．

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Arisaema serratum is a perennial plant with a corn-like fruit. However, the plant contains calcium oxalate, a compound that, when eaten, causes acute pain in the mouth and throat, swallowing difficulties, and intense abdominal symptoms, sometimes leading to death. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy in whom edema developed from his lips to his oral mucosa after accidentally eating an A. serratum fruit. He was referred to our emergency department after dramatic swelling of his lips and acute intraoral pain. We diagnosed A. serratum poisoning because of what he ate and provided emergency medical treatment. We performed oral care with saline and applied steroid ointment to his lips. He was hospitalized and was able to talk and eat normally after 6 days and was thus discharged. We need accurate knowledge on natural poisons to respond immediately to affected patients.

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Sialodochitis fibrinosa is a relatively rare disease characterized by repetitive salivary gland swelling and fibrinous plug discharge and was reported in 1879 by Kussmaul. Here, we describe a patient who had sialodochitis fibrinosa in multiple salivary glands.

　A 31-year-old woman was referred to our department for examination and treatment of swelling in the right submandibular region. At the initial visit, swelling and tenderness were observed in the right submandibular region. However, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging assessments revealed no abnormal findings. Therefore, we consulted an internist, an otolaryngologist, and a dermatologist, but the cause remained unknown. Gradually, the symptoms disappeared, and the patient discontinued medical follow-up. After 2 years, the symptoms recurred, and the patient returned to our hospital. The swollen area had spread beyond the right submandibular region into the bilateral subparotid regions. We again examined the patient, and noted characteristic findings such as fibrinous plug discharge; therefore, we diagnosed sialodochitis fibrinosa. We provided medical treatment with corticosteroids and antihistamine drugs, and her symptoms improved. The disease has remained stable for 3 years since the initiation of treatment.

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Ameloblastic fibromas are rare benign tumors that typically form in the mandibles of males under 20 years of age. According to the World Health Organization classification of 2005, ameloblastic fibromas are odontogenic epithelial tumors with ectomesenchyme that form in the absence of hard tissue. Here, we report a case of ameloblastic fibroma in a 3-year-old female infant with a cystic lesion within the right maxilla. Computed tomographic images revealed that the cystic lesion was mixed with a solid lesion. A biopsy and fenestration of the lesion were performed, and microscopic evaluation revealed that the histopathological tissue pattern was a dentigerous cyst. Four months postoperatively, tumoral lesions developed in the region of fenestration and a second biopsy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was an ameloblastoma, for which enucleation was performed. Additional histopathological analyses identified the tissue as an ameloblastic fibroma, which was initially difficult to diagnose because it was a mixed tumor consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal components. In our patient the lesion had a complex structure, which most likely also contributed to the discordance among the three histopathological diagnoses. There has been no sign of recurrence in the 5 years after the operation.

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　COVID-19 and its countermeasures have caused large-scale state intervention as a “disaster” to which the Act on Special Measures for New Influenza is applied. The institutionalization of “emergency”, which was introduced in the form of diverting measures to respond to the preceding nuclear disaster and military crisis, had the following characteristics. First, the “emergency” declaration distinguishes “peacetime” and “emergency” temporally and spatially. Secondly, after setting the level of three layers of country, prefecture, and municipality, a “countermeasure headquarters” was set up for each layer to make comprehensive adjustments. In the case of COVID-19, the prefectural layer occupied the core in particular. Third, departments and organizations such as police, fire department, medical care, public health, welfare, and transportation were linked through the headquarters, and the headquarters put individuals, private companies, residents’ organizations, NPOs, etc. into the “emergency” system, and aimed to mobilize them. The politics of the new intervention evolved as a dual-meaning event for neoliberalism, which faced a serious inequality problem. The new corona measures have resulted in a rapid expansion of state intervention, exposing the limits of neoliberal policy management. On the other hand, it contained elements that resonated with neoliberal claims such as “self-responsibility.” Furthermore, infectious disease control was merged with the policy of promoting digitalization, which was linked to the creation of a new accumulation base for capitalism. However, inadequate “intervention” has created abandoned individuals and territories within the community. It is becoming more meaningful to focus on cities and regions as a stage for analyzing various aspects of transformation caused by COVID-19 as a process of both conjunctural and structural events.

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2006年度に引き続き、2007年度前期の大学新入生に対して高校教科「情報」の理解度を測る診断評価テストを実施した。 2006年度のテストの正答率と比較した結果、2007年度の正答率もほぼ変わらないことが分かった。また、教員と学生の「情報」に対する教えた・習ったの認識や、理解度の認識は、問題分野によっては差があることなどが分かった。

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放線菌症は口腔内の常在菌である放線菌により発症する炎症性疾患で頭頸部領域に好発する。今回，舌癌術後患者においてFDG-PETで顎下部にSUV値9.9の集積を認め，MRI，CT検査で舌癌の頸部再発を強く疑う所見を認めたため，全身麻酔下に腫瘤の切除術を行ったところ，病理組織学的に放線菌感染を伴う類表皮嚢胞であった症例を経験した。文献的には慢性型放線菌症は炎症所見が低く，造影CTやPETにおいても悪性腫瘍に類似する所見を示す場合があるとされる。造影CT，PETなどにて悪性腫瘍が疑われる場合でも鑑別診断として放線菌症などの炎症性疾患も考慮する必要があると考える。

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数多くの映画がしばしば、正義という概念への懐疑と共に、正義のヒーローを描いている。『009 RE: CYBORG』（神山健治、012）はそのジャンルに属しながらも、少々奇抜な方法によって、非常に明確な映像と音響を介しながら、正義についての別の考えを示す。本稿は、「暴力批判論」（ベンヤミン）や『法の力』（デリダ）を参照することで、その映画内の奇抜さを、暴力の表象を問うているものとして、考察する。この暴力の表象はまた、隠蔽という作用と一体になることで、“正義”という概念を成り立たせる中枢的条件となっている。暴力の表象への問いは、この作品内で、次の2つの主要な映画的表現方法により展開される。1つ目は、“彼の声”についての音響的構成である。それは、聞いた者を暴力的な正義の実行へと強制する。2つ目は、天使に関する視覚的構成である。それは、主人公“ジョー”を、正義の単なる表象から逃しながら“彼の声”との新しい関係を作り出す場所へと、連れてゆく。このような分析に基づいて、この論文は次のように結論付ける。即ち、このアニメーションが描くヒーローの表象は、正義の現前を掲げながらそれを実行することに対抗する自身の力を獲得している。

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BACKGROUND: Vascular malformations of the oral and maxillofacial region may stand out, and can cause speech or chewing disorders and bleeding. In addition, in some cases it is difficult to excise the entire lesion and to reconstruct cosmetically, and the remaining lesions may recur. Recently, sclerotherapy has been suggested as the primary treatment for vascular anomalies, instead of surgery. This study examined the effects and complications of sclerotherapy in treating vascular malformations of the oral and maxillofacial region.
METHODS: We treated ten vascular malformations in nine patients using sclerotherapy. We used 5% ethanolamine oleate as the sclerosing agent, which is used for the endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices. To confirm the safety of the treatments, the patients were hospitalized during the treatment and the treatments were performed under fluoroscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography guidance.
RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination after treatment revealed that all of the lesions had improved. Furthermore, seven of the lesions had disappeared. Complications after treatments were pain in six cases and swelling in all ten cases. One patient developed hemoglobinuria, but intravenous haptoglobin protected against renal dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional sclerotherapy of vascular malformations using ethanolamine oleate is an effective treatment, enabling the restoration of cosmesis and function.

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　口腔衛生状態を良好に維持するためには，適切な湿潤状態を維持することが重要である。しかし，高齢者の多くは加齢による唾液分泌能低下，内科的疾患やその治療薬の副作用のため口腔乾燥症を発症している。高齢化に伴い，この口腔乾燥症患者は年々増加しているが，その多くは対症療法として口腔保湿剤を使用している。しかし，経済的な理由から保湿剤の適正使用ができていない場合も多い。今回，安価なグリセリンを主成分とした溶液が口腔乾燥症に対して応用可能であるかどうかを，鳥ムネ肉を検体として用いて基礎実験を行った。比較溶液としては蒸留水，市販の口腔保湿剤（バトラージェルスプレー^®）を用いた。水分量は口腔水分計ムーカス^®を用いて測定し，水分保持能力は水分量の変化率（処置前水分量－120分後の水分量/処置前水分量×100）と定義した。結果，鳥ムネ肉における120分後のグリセリン溶液群とバトラージェルスプレー^®群では同等な水分保持能力を示した。また，グリセリン溶液濃度（12・24・36％）と水分保持能力には統計学的に有意な相関関係は認められなかった。

　今回の実験結果から，グリセリン溶液は市販の口腔保湿剤と同等な水分保持能力を有することが判明した。グリセリンは安価なことから，経済面からも長期使用が可能な口腔保湿剤の一つになりうると考える。

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This article introduces and analyzes the activities of the International Women’s Network Against Militarism (IWNAM), a transnational network of feminists living in communities that host US troops or military bases in Okinawa, mainland Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawai’i and the continental United States. It was launched in 1997, inspired by Okinawa Women Act Against Military Violence, who has stressed the need for a redefinition of security and has challenged the current militarized security systemfroma gender perspective, that problematizes the gender hierarchy of patriarchal structures.

Through network activities that have built transnational solidarity, IWNAM members have identified common problems faced by host communities that are often trivialized in militarized security discourse and policies. The negative impacts of militarism are wide ranging but can be summarized in three categories: sexual violence, destruction of livelihood, and disrespect for the identities of people in host communities. These are manifestations of violence inherent in militarized security systems that impose a disproportionately heavy burden on marginalized and less politically-powerful groups of people such as those in former colonized areas and women in host communities.

Sexual violence committed by US soldiers includes sexual crimes as well as the system of sex industries around US bases established mainly in Okinawa, Korea, and the Philippines. For IWNAM members, sexual violence is central to their analytical framework regarding militarized security that is deeply gendered. In recent years, IWNAM members, particularly those in Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawai’i, and Okinawa, which were colonized by the United States and/or Japan, have increasingly maintained that the current militarized security is supported by continuing colonialismand racismthat deny the dignity of people of the host communities and continue to oppress them.

The article concludes by stating that IWNAM calls for a feminist perspective of peace and security.

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