When designing buildings, architectural designers interprets traditional Japanese values that exist from the past such as transient four seasons, traditional islands' culture, Buddhism sprit and ritual or event keeping people from interacting of Japan on their own and reflect to their design. The potential “Japaneseness” are exposed in buildings created through such processes, thus buildings have various aspects, and it is especially shown in text description of buildings. In this research, the objective is to reveal how architectural designers see “Japaneseness” through their design process and embody it in buildings analyzing the text description by architectural designers.
The flow of this research is as below:
1. Subject of this research is 1910 samples from the text description that architectural designers refer to “Japaneseness” in architectural magazine, Shinkenchiku during 1950-2011.
2. Extract the sentences that contain words: Typical Japanese Element, Disposition, Building Component and Operation. Typical Japanese Element is the word that indicates objects and events as Japaneseness. Disposition is the word attributes of the Typical Japanese Element. Building Component is the word of architectural component or materials reflecting Typical Japanese Elements. Operation is the word described as the act to Building Component by the architectural designers.
3. Analyze and consider correspondence relationships between Typical Japanese Element and Disposition, Building Component, Typical Japanese Element and Building Component, and Typical Japanese Element and Operation.
4. Based on the tendencies of correspondence analysis, frameworks of semantic content are derived. Using them to make a matrix to identify aspects of “Japaneseness,” categorize them into types and provide insights of them to conclude.
Through the investigation of the matrix between Typical Japanese Element, Deposition, Building Component and Operation, 24 different types of polymorphism of “Japaneseness” were derived. Three different vernacular aspects how architectural designers consider “Japaneseness” are observed from: location defined by the existence of certain location, contexture cultivated on land as time passes and feelings and activities conjured up by local people. Thus, translating above with considering the time, architectural designers consider “Japaneseness” in the followings: periodic transition such as the climate depending on the location, constant shake such as relationships between internal and external space, continuous change such as contexture, and movement of sensitive or action at a certain time. Moreover, architectural designers express “Japaneseness” in three different design methods; symbolizing not buildings themselves but background scenery and deep feeling, arranging function between spaces or bringing out aspects of surrounding object, making an attraction which promotes our activities and generates feelings.
Consequently, it is said that these elements are vague, since architectural designers in Japan set the timeline that can be seen as constant motion, and discover three vernacular aspects such as periodic, continuous and instantaneous. Moreover, they embody the feelings taken from the past in buildings and inherit them as substances, utilize the surrounding elements by operating buildings according to the vernacular elements at design process, and assume the spatial experience in the future and induce the human activities through architecture. Overall it is revealed that they see ideal buildings that are present to the location, not for advocating buildings themselves, and also assume their buildings as a catalyst that carries on the Japanese vernacular characteristics from the past to now and to the future.
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