alloxanによる糖尿発症について, マウスの系統間で感受性に差があるかどうかを検討する目的で, 100～120日令の雄マウス10系統 (CFW, CF#1, C₃H, C₅₇BL, DDK, NC, KK, RR, SS, AA) を用いて, 糖尿発症率について系統間の比較を行なった。
alloxanの注射量は体重1kg当り40mg, 60mg, 80mg, 100mgの4区分とし, これらの量を尾静脈内に注射した。糖尿発症の判定は注射前と注射後7日目まで, 1日1回強制排尿させ, 尿を糖尿試験紙テステープに附着させた後, その呈色反応から判定を行なった。
得られた結果は次のものである。
1.系統にかかわらずalloxan注射量を増加すると, 一般に糖尿発症率は増加する。
2.alloxanに対する系統間の糖尿発症率は40mg/kg区においては, DDK系とRR系を除いた他の8系統では注射後7日目まで1例も糖尿発症はみられなかった。DDK系は注射後7日目で5.8%, RR系は30%の発症率を示した。
60mg/kg区における注射後7日目の発症率は, CFW (25.9%) , CF#1 (77.2%) , C₃H (90%) , C₅₇BL (50%) , DDK (56.6%) , NC (0%) , KK (30%) , RR (50%) , SS (53.8%) , AA (62.5%) であり, 高率に発症する系統としてCF#1, C₃H, 中程度の発症率を示すものとしてC₅₇BL, DDK, RR, SS, AA, 低率のものとしてCFW, KK, 無発症としてNCの各系統のあることが認められた。
80mg/kg区における糖尿発症率はCF#1, C₃H, SSで100%, C₅₇BL, DDK, KK, RR, AAで80～90%の範囲にあり, CFWでは68%, NCでは9.0%を示した。
100mg/kg区における糖尿発症率は, NC系を除いた他の系統はいずれも80～160%の範囲にあり, NC系は47.8%を示した。
3.alloxan注射後の発症率は, C3H系とNC系を除いた他の系統では, 一般に, 第1日目における発症率よりも第2日, 第3日目と経過するに従って発症率は増加の傾向を示したが, 5～7日自の範囲ではそれぞれの系統の発症率は安定した値を示した0
4.C₃H系とNC系とでは, 注射後第1日目と第2日目の発症率が他系統に比べて特異的な型を示した。即ち, C₃H系では60mg/kg, 80mg/kg, 100mg/kg区において, 注射後1日目では無発症であるが, 第2日目では発症率は急激に増加した。一方, NC系では80mg/kg, 100mg/kg注射区において, 注射後第2日目の糖尿発症率は第1日目よりも低下し, この傾向は100mg/kg区において著明であった。
5.alloxanに対するマウス系統間の感受性の差と, C₃H系とNC系にみられた糖尿発症率の型の違いについて考察を加えた。

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Collagen fibers in the ovarian follicle undergo drastic changes at ovulation due to the preovulatory increase of collagenolytic activities. The collagen synthesis in ovaries, however, has not been elucidated yet. To clarify the regulatory role of prostaglandins (PGs) in collagen synthesis of the follicular wall in relation to the ovulatory process, we measured prolyl hydroxylase (PH), as well as lysyl oxidase (LO) activity and the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in ovarian follicles of the rabbits treated by hCG, hCG/indomethacin (IM) and hCG/ IM/various PGs. The experimental groups consisted of; 1) untreat control group 2) ovulatory group receiving hCG 3) non-ovulatory group given PGs 4) ovulatory group given hCG and PGs 5) group in which hCG-induced ovulation was inhibited by IM (4mg/kg) 6) group in which IM-inhibited ovulation was recovered by PGF_2α (1.5 mg/kg) 7) group in which IM-inhibited ovulation was not restored by PGE₁ (0.1mg/kg) and PGE₂ (0.7mg/kg). The peak activities of PH and LO in ovarian follicles were observed at 12-13 hr after hCG injection, namely, immediately after ovulation. Significant changes of these activities after hCG administration were specific to the ovaries. PH activity in the ovaries was sup-pressed by the administration of IM, but LO activity was not significantly suppressed.
In the hCG/IM/PGF_2α-treated ovulatory rabbits (Group 6), PH activity recovered to nearly the level of the hCG-treated rabbits (Group 2). By addition of PGE₂, ovulation did not recover but PH activity was restored to about 70% of the hCG-treated rabbits. PGE1 did not have any effect on the reversal of ovulation-blockage or restoration of PH activity.
The amount of Hyp after hCG administration tended to decrease from 6 hr to 10 hr but was significantly increased from 10 hr to 13 hr. This increase of Hyp after ovulation significantly correlated with the increase of PH and LO activities. In the hCG/IM/PGF_2α-treated rabbits (Group 6), the changes of Hyp were similar to those the hCG-treated rabbits (Group 2).
In conclusion, collagen synthetic activity, found to be regulated by PH and LO activities in the ovarian follicles, was activated after follicle rupture, resulting in reconstruction of collagen fibers, and PGs play an important role in the ovulatory process by modifying collagen synthesis.

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To evaluate the volume of the pancreas in juvenile onset diabetes (JOD), T values were measured by ultrasonography. The T value was obtained by measurement of the ventro-dorsal diameter at the body portion of the pancreas, and a good relationship was noted between the T value and volume of the pancreas in autopsy cases.
Following this fundamental study, T values were measured in 52 JOD patients and 101 healthy controls. A significant correlation (p<0.01) was observed between the T value and the height in the control group. Although a good correlation was also obtained between the T value and the height in JOD, the coefficient for JOD was clearly less than that in the controls.
Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between the duration of diabetes, daily injected dose of insulin and the T deviation value (= average T value of the control in the same height group-T value in the individual case of JOD).
These results suggest that the growth of the pancreas in JOD did not run parallel with increase of height as compared to the control group, and the T value measured by ultrasonography appeared to represent a useful index for estimating the degree of damage of the pancreas.

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1) 悪性絨毛上皮腫は組織化学的にその発生母組織の性状を比較的よく保存している。2) 妊娠末期のマウスに Progesterone を大量投与する時胎児の子宮内死亡, 胎盤の萎縮を来す。3) 悪性絨毛上皮腫に1日50mgの Progesterone を投与した1例では一時的に臨床所見の好轉を認め, 1例では剔出組織に絨毛上皮腫の壊死像と細胞浸潤を認めた。4) 以上の所見からわれわれは悪性絨毛上皮腫に対して Progesterone が少く共ある程度抑制的に作用するものではないかと考えており, 会員諸君の追試を俟つ次第である。

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A human mediastinal tumor in a 19-year-old male containing the elements of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma, was successfully transplanted into nude mice. The transplanted tumor was transferred to tissue culture and a cell line, designated as HMT cells, was established. The morphology of HMT cells showed various cell types; mainly flat epithelial cells, piled-up colonies of cells, polygonal cells and teratoid elements. The chromosomes of HMT cells were heteroploid and were distributed from 48 to 66 on the 30th day in culture. The HMT cells produced AFP in cultured medium and had characteristics of embryonal carcinoma cell in high-level alkaline phosphatase. The histology of the tumor obtained by retransplantation of HMT cells into nude mice was mainly that of embryonal carcinoma with few teratoid elements. In long term culture HMT cells changed to less-differentiated cells.

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The author produced alloxan diabetes in male and female animals using the Wistar-strain rats, and after the diabetes persisted for more than one month these rats were mated, and embryonal and histometrical studies of the Langerhans' islets were done in 42 cases of embryos on the 11 th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 17th and 19th day after conception and in 52 offsprings 10, 30, 90,120,180,270,360,450 and 540 days after birth (F₁). Comparing the results with the findings of 35 cases of embryos of normal rats having an identical period of conception and of 61 cases of normal rats having an identical period of conception and of 61 cases of normal rats having the identical number of days after birth, the following conclusions might be made :
(1) The primordial islet cells appeared first in dorsal pancreas primordium in normal embryos, and embryos having diabetic parents.
(2) With normal embryos, primordial islet cells appeared before the 12th day after conception, with embryos from diabetic parents, they appeared before and after the 12th day, indicating a tendency to delay slightly as compared with normal embryos.
(3) Regarding the primary large islets on the 13th day of conception, it was found that embryos from diabetic parents had considerably smaller islets as compared with normal ones, while the number of cells, also, was found to be less.
The primary small islets of embryos from diabetic parents 13 days after conception, likewise, indicated an obstructed growth (smaller number).
(4) On the 15th day of conception, the appearance of the secondary islets was noticed. With embryos from diabetic parents, however, the appearance was delayed, while the number of islet cells was delayed, while the number of islet cells was smaller.
(5) On the 15th day of conception, the primary islets of embryos from diabetic parents were seen to persist to a great extent, indicating a tendency to delay in the segmentation due to the mesenchymal tissue.
(6) On the 17th day of conception, both normal embryos and embryos from diabetic parents indicated vigorous growth and proliferation of secondary islets. In embryos from diabetic parents the number of cells constituting the secondary islets was smaller than in embryos from normal parents and they had a larger cell and islet area.
(7) On the 19th day of conception, both normal embryos and embryos from diabetic parents showed the appearance of proper Langerhans' islets. Although no difinite conclusion could be obtained on the respective time of their appearance, it was found that the average number of cells in each islet was less in embryos from diabetic parents as compared with normal ones. The respective area of cells and islets was found to be larger in the embryos from diabetic parents.
(8) Through the entire length of the embryonal period, the cells of the islets were derived, in the early stages of their appearance, from pancreas primordial cells, and, in the subsequent stages, from either the epithelium of the primitive pancreatic tubes or cells of pancreatic tubes, we saw none which originated from the cells of acinus. Also, in both categories of embryos, collapse and disappearance of the cells of the primary large islets were not seen.
(9) The number of cells in a Langerhans' islet, in the newborn rats diabetic parents (during pregnancy, mothers were not administered with insulin), showed an average decrease of about five cells, while a marked increase was seen in the size of cells and islets.
(10) On the 10th day after birth, children from diabetic parents (during pregnancy mothers were not administered with insulin) showed a decrease in the number of β-cells in each islet, as compared with normal ones (ten days after birth, an apparent distinction existed α-and β-cells), while α-cells indicated no difference in the number. The size of β-cells and islets, respectively, was still found to be slightly larger than normal.

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A unilateral phlenicotomy executed on rabbits causes struma microfollicularis diffusa. This hystological figure corresponds to that of Alpine goiter, a kind of endemic goiter, which can be observed amnng children living in the Alps or in the Himalayan mountain regions.
In the case goiter developed in this experiment, glandepithel was found to accelerate functionally, while the constant consumption of colloid substance, which gave prolif erous phase in the process, did not allow the substance to be accumulated in follicles, and after nine month extensive study it was generally demonstrated that there remained no observable amount of the substance in follicles. Twelve months later, however, the beginning of re-accumulation process of colloid substance was observed, follicles begining to grow larger, and fibers of connective tissue to increase between each gland and in interstice. Thus, struma diffusa can be considered to suggest that it develops into struma colloidaris diffusa.
In conclusion it can therefore be held that dyspnea and hypoxia caused by a unilateral phlenicotomy played an important part in developing goiter in the subject experimentation.

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Animals immunized with tumor cells treated with allicin contained in fresh garlic extract showed resistance to subsequently injected corresponding tumor cells: DDD mice to Ehrlich ascites tumor, DDD male mice to 20-methylcholanthrene-induced tumor from a male DDD mouse, Donryu rats to Yoshida sarcoma, and C3H mice to Spontaneous mammary tumor from a C3H mouse.

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Irgafen and Sulfisomidine were administered into the embryonating eggs of white Leghorn, and histopathological examinations were conducted on the thyroid-gland of the embryo.
Irgafen enhanced the development of thyroid-gland, while Sulfisomidine caused the productive changes of the follicular epithelia.

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The inhibition of growth in chick embryo and the damage in their liver were observed by the administration of 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (Mercazole) to the fertile white leghorn eggs.
The significance of struma parenchymatosa diffusa was noticed histopathologically in the thyroid of the chick embryo by the administration of Mercazole.
I¹³¹ uptake-ratio in the entire thyroid was increased while its uptake per 1mg of the thyroid was decreased.

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In the present experiment, emulsion of diethyl-paranitro-phenyl-thiophosphate, which is an organic phosphate chemical (parathion) was subcutaneously injected into rabbits twice weekly. The animal were administered with a dose of 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg and 24 mg/kg of the emulsion. Histological changes of thyroid in the acute, subacute and chronic stages were studied up to 204 days.
1) The findings in the acute stage.
Mild vacuolar degeneration of the follicular epithelia and dark staining of intraluminal content were observed in these received 24 mg/kg. There were also decrease in staning grade and segmentation of arginophilic fiber of basement membrane, edematous swelling of stromal fiber and expansion with edema of interstitium.
2) The findings in the subacute stage.
Slight irregularity in size and atrophy of follicles, vacuolar degeneration of the epithelia were seen in those received a dose of 4-8 mg/kg. The changes of stromal and basic membrane fiber were similar to those in the acute stage.
3) The irregularity of follicle size, and atrophy and destruction of follicles were more significant, especially in those received 24 mg/kg. Desquamated epithelia and red blood cells were also recognized in the lumen, and the regressive changes were generally more conspicuous.
4) The findings in the chronic stage.
In the group received a small dose, the findings were similar to those in the subacute stage, and collid was found in the interstitium.
In the group received a large dose, both findings of follicle and interstitium resembled those in the subacute stage, with also slight round cell infiltration in the interstitial tissue and hemorrage inside or outside of the follicles. Destruction and atrophy were more marked, but on the other hand, repair and reconstruction were also observed.
5) Interstitial edema, and regressive changes, especially atrophy of follicles are important hypoxic change, but the proper toxic influence caused by parathion was presented as vascular lesions, making the entire pathological picture of the thyroid more complicated and severe.

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It is reported as a hypothesis that, in the final stage of ovulation, theplasminogen activator acts on the follicular wall to rupture it up and thus toinduce ovulation. The authors applied the excited ovary to tranexamic acid, which is an anti-plasminogen activator, to examine if it would inhibitovulation. Ovaries were obtained from golden hamsters and incubated in vitro. Tranexamic acid was added to the medium at a concentration of 0.196. Inovaries excited at 21:00 and 23:00 of proestrus of the estrus cycle, ovulationrate was 25.096 and 91.696, and the average numburs of ova ovulated were0.25-0.12 and 1.58±0.26, respectively. The number of ova was significantlyfewer than the control.
In this study, it was clear that tranexamic acid inhibited ovulation fromovaries in vitro. The present results indicated that ovulation in culturedovaries was inhibited by blooking plasminogen activator.

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