セブン‐イレブン中国（SEC）は2017年の1年間に中国市場において100店舗以上を新規出店し、中国市場においてテイクオフした可能性を示唆される。本稿では、SECが大量出店を実現した時点における「コンビニの事業システム」の現状を把握するため、3つの事業システムを構成する「フロントシステム」、「バックシステム」、「店舗運営システム」について、SECが直面した課題および対策方法を明らかにした。

2004年以来、中国・北京のマクロ環境が大きく変化したことを背景に、SECは段階的に「フロントシステム」における革新と現地化を行い、高い平均日販を実現した。10年余り苦労した背景には出店数の伸び悩みがあったが、2017年のFC出店契約についての政策が改定され、店舗展開が容易になった。現在、SECが成長軌道に乗りつつある理由は、2017年の出店数の増加に伴う規模の経済と、これまでに築いた「フロントシステム」や「バックシステム」、「店舗運営システム」の相乗効果が発揮されるようなったからである。SECの「コンビニの事業システム」の特徴をみると、最も重視されている戦略は「フロントシステム」における革新と現地化であり、コンビニ国際化が成功する原動力になった。また、「バックシステム」の商品調達システムも品揃えなどと連動しているため、2012年にパートナーの現地誘致や資金投資が行われた。一方、技術重視の商品供給システムでは現地企業が採用された。

 In this research, authors will clarify the transformation process and the present condition of the historical block of Beijing Outer Castle as a series of researches on urban fabric. The objective of this article is to evaluate living environment of Xuanxibei district, focusing on the space formation of da-za-yuan based on field studies. Xuanxibei district is designated for ‘Cordination Area of Historic Landscape’, but also for ‘Peng-hu-qu, Area’ to be improved. The district still maintains the traditional house type called si-he-yuan, but most of them is occupied by several families.

 The major points which this article clarifies are the following.

 1. There are many historical cultural heritages in Beijing Outer Castle where five “Historical Cultural Reserve Areas” and three “Historical Appearance Cooperative Areas” are designated. On the other hand, most of large-scale traditional courtyard house sìhéyuàn were occupided by many families and “Peng-hu-qu” which is consisted of many ‘peng-hu-fang’(small dwelling unit) was formed. Targeted study area Xuanxibei is a district designated both as a “Historical Cultural Reserve Areas” and a “Peng-hu-qu”’, and is a district that requires immediate living environment improvement.

 2. In Xuanxibei district, the street network is not as neat as the inner castle at the stage of Qianlong Jingcheng Quantu（1750）and there are many vacant lands. Since the end of the 18th century, halls and the sìhéyuàn were gradually built, forming a curved street network. As of 1955, the entire district was almost completely built, and the same street network as the present was established. The street is divided into 3 levels. a street where stalls and stalls selling vegetables and fruits come and go, a street for residents to pass through, and a street leading to each dwelling house.

 3. As shown in Fig. 5. The whole area is densely populated, and many of the daily activities like the public trash cans, public toilets and private storage etc. are carried out in the streets and community facilities. It is necessary to consider improvement of the living environment besides clearance type redevelopment.

 4. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, many people flow into Xuanxibei district. As of 1955, the form of sìhéyuàn was maintained, but it gradually became a "large miscellaneous house" in which several families coexist. "Peng-hu-fang" has been rapidly increasing since the early 1960s. When moving in, it is a one-room residence or two-room residence, and then a kitchen, bathroom, warehouse, etc. are added between the courtyard and the adjacent house.

 5. The district government and developers are promoting a redevelopment project, but have not progressed as planned. The forced evictions of the residents and the demolition of their homes were the main causes of the people's backlash. In addition, the number of 2287 units requested to move make it difficult to form a consensus.

 It would be unrealistic to inflate all the residents and redevelop the entire district, as it would be costly to compensate. Due to the building restrictions, the volume can not be increased, and there is little benefit for developers. In order to revitalize the district, a new method of improving the living environment at the on-site may be necessary. Further investigation is needed as to what will happen to Xuanxibei district.