Background: Yogo teacher is a unique educational occupation in Japanese schools that supports students with their everyday health problems. In 1941, during World War II, the Japan National School Order established the position of Yogo-Kundo (teacher), which was renamed Yogo teacher in 1947. According to a historical study by Sugiura (1985), while under occupation, GHQ called for institutional reform to replace a teacher with a school nurse for supporting students’health, which led to a conflict as the Japanese side wanted a teacher to maintain the position. At that time, Chiba Tatsu, a Yogo teacher, argued that we should support students with their health problems as a teacher not a nurse in Japanese schools. In preexisting research, she is known as a key person in establishing the Yogo teacher position. However, why she chose Yogo teacher over a school nurse is unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to clarify Chiba Tatsu’s theory on the Yogo teacher position and to consider why the Yogo teacher was established as a teacher rather than as a school nurse.

Methods: To approach this question, I mainly used the magazine of “School Health Education” and the practical records of Takanawadai Elementary School. To analyze this question, I took three analytic views; (1) the relationship between postwar education reform and Chiba, (2) the health problems Chiba found in Japanese schools and why she chose Yogo teacher to address those problems, (3) what Chiba thought the role of the Yogo teacher should be.

Results: Chiba was the only Yogo teacher to contribute not only to the postwar educational reform, but also to the practice of education. She identified a need for the Yogo teacher to be established as an educational position, compared to American school health, rather than maintaining continuity from Yogo-Kundo. She pointed out that “hygiene knowledge” and “hygiene ideas” were severely lacking in Japan, and believed that a Yogo teacher should take the lead on school health while maintaining the status of a teacher. Chiba thought that Yogo teacher’s work were to help other staff to understand and cooperate with school health initiatives and to prepare classroom teachers to provide health education. In addition, Chiba thought that Yogo teacher’s work were to use their expert knowledge and to identify the state of each child’s health and educational needs.

Conclusion: Although the existing research indicates that the Yogo teacher’s status as teacher has historically been given passively, our results demonstrate that Yogo teacher actively requested the status of teacher in the postwar educational reform.

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Reading is human intellectual activity itself. Therefore, there have been many discussions to clarify this principle for a long time. In recent years, with the advent of electronic books (e-books), which are highly functional books, reading has become more enriching. However, it is less clear what affect this new way of reading is having on the reader. In this regard, we aim to clarify the effects of social reading, the reading of sharing with others using features specific to e-books. We focused on the sharing of reviews, which is common in social reading, and used an experimental system to analyze latent factors and satisfaction. As a result, we found two factors and three clusters constituting potential factors, and four quadrants and three clusters constituting satisfaction.

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Shimesaba (acid-salt curing) is a traditional Japanese fish processing where mackerel fillets are cured in vinegar after salting. In shimesaba, acid-salt cured muscle acquires a peculiar palatable texture. Experiments were carried out to clarify the nature of the changes in texture. Changes in muscle proteins were examined for the possible major factor of the texture changes. Five hours after adding 10% NaCl, mackerel muscle were soaked in rice vinegar at 4°C for 15h and 50h and were submitted to sensory tests. Muscle cured in vinegar for 50h were harder and more fragile than those stored for 15h. As a model of shimesaba, the mackerel fillets (1.5cm thick) were stored in 4% acetic acid-2% NaCl solution at 4°C for 7 days, and were submitted to the tests for firmness, fracturability and fragility, and the analysis of the proteins by SDS-PAGE at various storage periods. For control, fillets were stored by adding 2% NaCl or without any treatment. Firmness by texturometer test and fragility by author's disintegration method increased by acid-salt curing. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that proteins of acid-salt cured muscle were decomposed into fragments with smaller molecular weights during storage. Actomyosin and water soluble proteins extracted from the muscle underwent similar decomposition after acid storage. Decompositions of the proteins were proved as attributable to the acid proteinases in muscle which had been activated at the acidic pH's. The texture changes of the acid-salt cured mackerel muscle were attributed to the decomposition of the proteins due to the function of the proteinases activated at the acidic pH of the curing.

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　目的：介護予防に向けた「通いの場」の実践活動の評価に言及する国内文献から、活動の効果の評価方法と評価の結果を明らかにする。

　方法：「通いの場」をキーワードとして、医中誌Web、CiNiiにて検索し、活動の効果の評価に言及している論文を選択した。対象者、評価対象の場、活動内容、評価方法・効果の評価などを抽出した。評価指標は「運動機能」「栄養状態」「精神機能」「家庭・社会参加」「総合的評価」に分け、評価方法及び評価の結果をまとめ、課題を検討した。

　結果・考察：対象文献27件が抽出され、量的研究26件、質的研究１件であった。対象と対象の場が身体活動中心であった文献は12件と最も多く、評価指標を複数使用している文献が多かった。「運動機能」の指標12種類のうち、握力を指標とした文献が9件と最多であったが、高感度に筋持久力を評価できる指標が適切と考えられた。「栄養状態」の指標は3種類で、活動により明らかな効果が認められ、今後の研究・活動の広がりが期待される。「精神機能」７種類、「家庭・社会参加」８種類の指標が使用されていた。「総合的評価」10種類の指標は評価に有用であった。今後、質的評価の推進と、多様な生活背景をもつ高齢者に共通して使用できる評価指標の活用が課題であると考える。

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This paper has examined and made formal analysis of the sketches included in the 5th chapter of “Alpine Architektur”, especially the sketch titled “Grottenstern”, by Bruno Taut, and has clarified that its ornamental forms were composed of the historical forms, vegetable forms and crystal forms which are collected and unified into an utopian figure. It is also found how the cosmic ideas of an expressionistic novelist Paul Scheerbart were put into concrete forms and various formal elements and the expressionistic construction were generated by Bruno Taut.

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本研究は非専従執行役員に着目し，本務と組合活動の両立を通した職業的発達プロセスを明らかにすることを目的とする。リサーチクエスチョンは以下とする。1)非専従執行役員はどのような経緯で役員を受任し，その後役員としての役割遂行と意識や行動はどのように変化するのか。2)役員としての役割遂行と意識や行動の変化にはどのような要因が関連するのか。非専従の形態で自社の労働組合において執行役員を担っている者16名（平均年齢は36.3歳）を対象とした。半構造化面接は15問で構成された。内容は逐語化し，修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ (M-GTA)で分析され，66概念で理論的飽和に達したと判断した。概念間の関連から14カテゴリー，5カテゴリーグループとして整理された。主な結果として，非専従執行役員における本務と組合活動の両立を通した職業的発達は，役員になるまでの逡巡や受任する際の経緯があり，役員としての役割遂行と意識や行動の変化が進み，苦労とやりがいの両面があるなか役員だからこそから得られた経験が積み重なり身につくことも増え，本務への建設的な影響と自身のキャリア自律意識の両方が促進されているプロセスであることが示唆された。

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This paper has examined and made formal analysis of the sketches contained in the 3rd chapter of “Alpine Architektur” by Bruno Taut, especially the sketches titled ‘Das Baugebiet’ and ‘Monte Rosa Bebauung’ and has clarified his design method of utopian landscapes in the Alps. Through the process of classifying form elements and arrangement patterns, three basic types were found and they were scattered over the mountain as aggregate or continuous forms like glittering glass mosaics harmonized with landscapes.

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目　的：急速な少子高齢化に対応していくため，ソーシャル・キャピタル（以下，SC）の醸成は重要である．日本における高齢者の健康に資するSC研究の動向を明らかにすることを目的とした．

方　法：3つの文献データベースを使用し，「高齢者」and「SC」で検索した．重複文献および除外条件に該当する文献を除外し，79件の文献を対象とした．文献発行年，研究の種類，主な研究内容，対象地域や対象高齢者の特徴，SC指標（質問項目・尺度）ごとに整理した．

結　果：9割以上が量的研究であった．研究内容は生活機能や社会参加（40件）が多かった．調査は多様な地域で行われ，4割以上の文献で対象者にADLの条件を設定していた．SC指標として69文献が引用されていたが，引用したSC指標が明確でない文献もあった．

結　論：今後は地理的文脈等を考慮した分析が行えるよう，地域やグループの特性に沿った実装的な研究が期待される．

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