Automobile manufacturers including Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) are struggling to not only change their strategies but also reconfigure their resources in order to survive the “war” against Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon (GAFA) in facing a once-in-a-century stage of innovation in the automotive industry called CASE—namely, connected cars (C), autonomous vehicles (A), share driving (S), and electric cars (A).

The objective of this paper is to assess the progress of Toyota’s survival strategy concentrating on connected cars based on the theory of dynamic managerial capabilities (DMC) developed in Kawai (2018a, 2018b) and the framework of dynamic platform strategy developed in Kawai (2019a, 2019b).

First, a typology of the possible defense strategies of Toyota was deduced based on examination of existing research concerning the theme. Then, the locus of Toyota’s efforts for defense was sketched and the company’s intermediary performance was assessed in reference to the above typology. Finally, evaluation shows that Toyota’s performance assessed by the extent of progress in measures taken is not necessarily poor as of today albeit there are substantial concerns, but it is too difficult to predict a final outcome.

抄録全体を表示

Recently, cyber-risks in modern intelligent vehicles have become concerns to society. First, carry-in devices, such as smart-phones and USB-memory-devices used outside of vehicles expose vehicles to various cyber-attacks from the external IT (Information Technology) world. Next, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) which provide position information to many valuable functions have vulnerabilities to jamming and spoofing. Finally, emerging vehicle-to-vehicle communication poses security challenges, because of its unique communication schema where all neighboring vehicles exchange data within a short duration. In this report, we examine these vulnerabilities’ impact on vehicle cyber-security and introduce various countermeasures against these vulnerabilities in the US.

抄録全体を表示

　従来，自動車の走行履歴等の情報収集は，専ら，交通情報の生成のために行われて来た．情報収集方法の主体は，自動車メーカのテレマティックスであったり，インフラ事業者の設備（ETC 2.0や光ビーコン）であったが，この状況を一変させたのが2008年頃から急速に普及したスマートフォンである．現在では，スマートフォンから収集される位置情報から，交通情報が生成・提供されている．また，スマートフォンと自動車を繋ぐ動きも盛んで，そのための国際標準化も進められている． 　一方近年では，自動運転の開発が加速し，このために必要な高精度の地図を作成・維持する方法として，自動運転車が集める周辺情報をクラウドに集約するための検討，標準化の動きが活発になっている．本報告では，こうした自動車を取り巻く様々な情報の活用や標準化動向について紹介する．

抄録全体を表示

The demand for and the scope of connected services have rapidly grown and developed in many industries such as electronic appliances, robotics, and industry automation. In the automotive field, including connected vehicles, different types of connected services have become available and they provide convenience and comfort with users while yielding new business opportunities. With the advent of connected vehicles, the threat of cyber attacks has become a serious issue and protection methods against these attacks are urgently needed to provide safe and secure connected services. From 2017, attack methods have become more sophisticated through different attack surfaces attached to navigation systems and telematics modules, and security requirements to circumvent such attacks have begun to be established. Individual threats have been addressed previously; however, there are few reports that provide an overview of cyber security related to connected vehicles. This paper gives our perspective on cyber security for connected vehicles based on a survey of recent studies related to vehicle security. To introduce these studies, the environment surrounding connected vehicles is classified into three categories: inside the vehicle, communications between the back-end systems and vehicles, and the back-end systems. In each category, this paper introduces recent trends in cyber attacks and the protection requirements that should be developed for connected services. We show that the overall security covering the three categories must be considered because the security of the vehicle is jeopardized even if one item in the categories is not covered. We believe that this paper will further contribute to development of all service systems related to connected vehicles including autonomous vehicles and to the investigation into cyber security against these attacks.

抄録全体を表示

By technical progress of the Location Information and the expansion of the use range, the Location Service came to have big value to connect the community in IoT (Internet of Things).

A digital map, a smartphone, a beacon are core items of the location service called pinpointing, movement, the matching. These infrastructure looks at the area as a platform of the local service, and support cooperation, mutual assistance, informal economy by the sharing including defense, and it is possible for a thing.

The own area cluster (Terrace) which measured it distributes the services that assumed Location Information a Key through a platform and makes a future market to tie indoor and the outdoors, an area and a wide area to. The local IoT Internet of Things platform is important investment in reproduction for local continuation.

抄録全体を表示

Software-Defined Vehicle（SDV）は，ソフトウェアによって機能が定義される次世代自動車であり，そのアーキテクチャはゾーン型へと移行しつつある．本稿では，まず従来型車両との構造的な違いと，SDVを支える仮想化，マイクロサービス，OTAといった技術基盤を解説する．次に，コネクティビティの増大やサプライチェーンの複雑化に伴い拡大するサイバー攻撃の脅威を分類し，具体的な攻撃シナリオを論じる．その上で，SBOMによる構成の透明化，Uptaneやin-totoを用いたサプライチェーン全体の信頼性確保，HSM/TEEといったハードウェアセキュリティに至る多層的な対策技術を詳述する．最後に，UN-R155などの国際標準への対応やDevSecOps体制の構築といった産業的課題と今後の展望を考察する．

抄録全体を表示

日本では、世界に先行して、路車協調安全運転支援システム(DSSSおよびITSスポットサービス)をV2I技術として実用化した。世界では、このV2I導入の取り組み、さらにV2Xへのコネクティビティ技術を実現する実証試験が行われている。一方、自動走行システムでは、ディープラーニングなどのAI技術、ビッグデータ処理、セキュリティ対策などがコネクティビティ技術の新たな核になろうとしている。ここでは、新しい価値、サービス実現に向けての取り組みを紹介する。その中で、各社の車プローブデータを集約して、災害時の道路通行実績情報として活用した事例についても紹介する。

抄録全体を表示

First, in this special issue, I have proposed the inter-connectivity and the interchangeability of use between Suica and T-money as the PyongChang Winter Olympics and the Tokyo Olympic Paralympics get closer Second, I attribute the proliferation of both smart devices and IoT to the evolution of O2O and discusses how FinTech and financial OTT are leaping traditional boundaries in the financial industry as they are applied to various offline industries. Finally, I discuss how commerce and O2O markets couple with Omni-Channel, and Fin-Tech and financial OTT to cause innovation in the smart mobile business as well as drive new growth momentum.

抄録全体を表示