Under globalization, investigating the ability to function effectively across multiple cultures becomes a pressing concern(e.g., Kawachi & Wamala, 2007).Such ability is widely referred to as intercultural competence(Deardorff, 2009; Leung, Ang, & Tan, 2014), and several different approaches have been used to examine the nature of intercultural competence(e.g., traits, attitudes and worldviews, behavioral capabilities; Leung et al., 2014).

The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the available literature regarding(1)the premises,(2)the possible classification or typology and(3)the future tasks of the study of intercultural competence.

In the first section, the author delineates some underlying premises of intercultural competence, such as the concept of ability, the definition of culture, and the perspective of acculturation. In the second section, the author provides the classification or typology of intercultural competence, such as traits, attitudes and worldviews, capabilities, developmental perspectives, and integrative frameworks. In the final section, the author discusses some implications for future empirical studies. For instance, the author explores the studies of “need for

Previous research has demonstrated that activated goal pursuit automatically inhibits alternative goals that interfere in the pursuit of the focal goal. To examine how the negative moods (depression and anxiety) and goal types (ideals and oughts) influence intergoal inhibition, we conducted 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, 56 participants described an attribute they desired to attain. They then listed other attributes they wanted to attain. In Experiment 2, after describing one of their current goals, 57 participants were asked to describe other goals. The results showed that the ideality of the goal determined whether depression attenuated intergoal inhibition. When the focal goals were construed as highly ideal, depression did not attenuate intergoal inhibition. Alternatively, anxiety was shown to not be a predicter of intergoal inhibition. The process underlying the relationship between depression and intergoal inhibition is discussed.

COVID-19のパンデミックは，行動免疫システムと感染予防行動や態度などの関係を検討する格好の機会である。本研究は，感染拡大の鍵を握る若年層（大学生）を対象に身近にCOVID-19の罹患者がいる群とそうではない群を比較し，行動免疫システムから予測される通り身近に迫る感染脅威が予防行動を実際に引き出しているかを検討した。調査は2021年7月5日から21日の期間にオンラインで実施した。有効回答のうち，感染経験者あるいは検査中の回答者（13名）を除外した456名を分析した結果，予測に反して身近有感染群（152名）は無感染群（304名）と比較すると全体として感染回避反応が低く，予防行動を行っていないことが明らかにされた。若年層では病原体曝露によるリスクと人間関係維持による利益間にトレードオフが生じている可能性が示唆された。

高等教育におけるアントレプレナーシップ教育プログラムは，その潜在的な影響力に対する認識の高まりを反映し，ここ数十年で大きく成長した。これらのプログラムは，創造性と革新性を育む起業家的マインドセットとスキルを育成することを目的としており，学生の専門的な成長と社会への将来的な影響力にとって極めて重要である。このような資質を育成することの複雑さを考慮すると，高等教育機関は，起業家教育の目標と密接に連携した効果的なFD（Faculty Development）プログラムを提供する必要性がある。本研究では，これらの目的を達成するためのFDプログラムの有効性を評価するための，エビデンスに基づく枠組みを紹介する。本研究では，41人の参加者を対象に，プログラム期間中に3回の評価を行った。その結果，創造性のプロセスに関連する2つの学習成果に有意な改善が見られ，これらの成果の発展には3つの重要な個人差が顕著に影響していた。さらに，選択コースは，学習成果の1つを向上させることがわかった。

The right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale has been associated with prejudice, discrimination, and intergroup conflict. This study developed Japanese versions of the RWA scale and examined their validity. Although it is a well-established assessment tool to measure authoritarian dispositions, none of the RWA scales translated into Japanese were standardized. In this study, we translated the RWA scale items into Japanese using the back translation method and verified their reliability and construct validity. Results revealed that Japanese versions of the RWA scale comprised two factors with a method factor and had adequate reliability and construct validity. This study provides new insights into the structure of authoritarian personalities in the Japanese population.

In the field of fear of crime, literature has yet to confirm a causal relationship between people’s estimated damage of crime and fear of crime. This study examines this potential relationship by providing participants with information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries. Survey data were collected from 336 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: in the first condition, information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries was presented, and in the control condition, information unrelated to crime was presented. The results revealed that the participants who perceived a decrease in the amount of estimated damage had a diminished fear of crime. However, the experimental operation did not significantly affect the estimated damage.

This study investigates how the type and order of creative tasks may influence the affective states and group work satisfaction of people engaged in creative group work. The experiment was a mixed design, with the type of creative tasks and the order of the task as fixed factors, and the students nested in groups as random factors. Groups of five to six participants performed two kinds of conventional creative tasks: the alternative uses test as a divergent task and the remote associates test as a convergent task. Five groups started with the divergent task and then performed the convergent task, while the other five groups started with the convergent task and then performed the divergent task. The affective states and group work satisfaction were measured repeatedly after each of the two tasks. The results show that the convergent task produced a more positive effect on the affective state and group work satisfaction than did the divergent task. Furthermore, the task order had an impact on affective experience. The second task induced a higher valence than the first task. This study provides a better understanding of the design of creative group tasks to yield better affective experiences.

The literature in the field of fear of crime posits that fear results from perceived likelihood of victimization. This causal relation, however, has not yet been confirmed in empirical research. This paper examined this relationship by providing participants with information regarding the actual numbers of a crime. In Study 1, the survey data on the fear of crime was collected from 173 undergraduate students, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to select the types of crimes as materials in the experiment. In Study 2, 274 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions: one where the annual number of a type of injury due to crime was presented or the control condition, where no crime statistics were presented. The results revealed that the participants with the statistical information about the crimes decreased their perceived likelihood of victimization as well as their fear of crime. These results provide preliminary confirmation of the causality from the perceived likelihood of victimization to fear of crime. The practical implications and limitations of this research were discussed.

Pervasive misinformation is a primary social issue in the digital age. A common method for resolving this issue is making corrections to mitigate false beliefs due to misinformation. However, the influence of misinformation is often predominant, thereby resulting in correction having a limited effect on alleviating people's false memory and reasoning. This psychological phenomenon is known as the continued influence effect of misinformation. Rapidly evolving research has accumulated into a sizable literature explaining the psychological processes that cause this effect. This article seeks to clarify the psychological processes for exploring ways to harness the negative impact of misinformation on our minds. Specifically, we review cognitive models and factors related to the continued influence effect, as well as a potential side effect of correction. Moreover, we summarize practical recommendations for interventions based on psychological characteristics. Finally, we discuss future directions in psychology and how emerging interdisciplinary research contributes to controlling the harmful impact of misinformation on our society.