A porous material with smectite-type structure was prepared from natural clay (surface area of 13 m² g⁻¹ and pore volume of 0.12 cm³ g⁻¹) and silicate synthesized by hydrothermal method using water glass and magnesium chloride, and dimethyldistearyl ammonium chloride. The hydrothermally treated sample had large surface area (272 m² g⁻¹) and pore volume (0.55 cm³ g⁻¹) values because pores were formed between the stacking structure of clay and synthetic silicate fragments.

抄録全体を表示

We propose a novel associative memory that performs well on incremental learning and is robust to noisy data. Using the proposed method, new associative pairs presented sequentially can be learned accurately without forgetting previously learned patterns. The memory size of the proposed method increases adaptively. Therefore, it suffers neither redundancy nor insufficiency of memory size, even in an environment where the maximum number of associative pairs to be presented is unknown before learning. The proposed method deals with two types of noise. No conventional bidirectional associative memory deals with both types.

抄録全体を表示

Herein, we assessed the impact of dietary addition of konjac mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth, intestinal morphology, serum immune status, and oxidative status in Partridge Shank chickens. For the experiment, one-day-old chicks (n=192) were randomized into six replicates (n=8/replicate) and fed four different diets: a basal diet containing 0 (Control group), 0.5, 1, or 1.5 g MOS per kg of diet (g/kg) for 50 d. Relative to the control, the group fed 0.5 g/kg MOS decreased feed consumption from 22^nd to 50^th d and 1^st to 50^th d (P<0.05). By adding MOS, the height of the intestinal villus and the villus height to crypt depth ratio were increased (P<0.05); 1.5 g/kg MOS was the best dosage for these parameters. Jejunal and ileal goblet cell density increased following MOS supplementation at 21 d (P<0.01) and 50 d in the jejunum (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, adding MOS to the diet increased the contents of IgA and IgM at 21 d (P<0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05) at 50 d in the serum but decreased malondialdehyde content (P<0.01) at 21 d in the group fed 0.5 and 1.5 g/kg MOS. The findings suggested that MOS supplementation could affect feed consumption, intestinal health, serous immunity, and antioxidant capacity of Partridge Shank chickens.

抄録全体を表示

圧縮センシングは，信号のスパース性を利用して，少数の信号データから画像を再生する手法である．MR画像は一般にスパース性を持たないため，スパース性を与える関数を導入する．スパース性導入関数には，ウェーブレット変換や空間差分などが多く利用されているが，我々はFREBAS変換を利用した方法について検討を行っている．圧縮センシングによる画像再生では多数回の反復処理を必要とするため，一般に膨大な計算コストを要し，実用上の障害となっている．そこで本研究では，PCに搭載されているGPUを汎用的な処理に使用する方法により，圧縮センシングによる画像再生の高速化を試みた．実験の結果，単一画像の再構成を1.3秒で行うことができ，CPU計算に比べて約9倍の高速化を達成することができた．

抄録全体を表示

本論文は，CADの出力の医師による理解向上を目的に，画像所見の一部に欠損が存在しても推論可能なベイジアンネットワークを対象として，診断推論の根拠を導出する一手法を提案する．画像所見の部分集合に対して推論結果に与える影響度を計算し，影響度の大きい部分集合を推論根拠として提示する．提案手法の有用性を確かめるため，判別ルールが明確な人工データを用いた検証実験と，臨床データを用いた評価実験を行った．人工データによる検証実験では，データの約90%で正しい推論根拠が導出された．臨床データを用いた評価実験では，「推論根拠として妥当」を表す評価値3を上回る，平均3.4の評価値を医師から得た．

抄録全体を表示

The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) conducted the protein crystal growth experiment and biospecimen sharing program (BSP) on the Space Shuttle mission STS-107. The crystal growth experiment was conducted with the Commercial Macromolecular Protein Crystal Growth (CMPCG) and composed of 5 science research themes, 5 applied research themes, one NASDA technical verification experiment and 6 high school team themes. BSP was the first program in which the specimens from space flight rodents would be distributed to 16 Principal Investigators from various countries which included 9 Japanese themes. The Space Shuttle Columbia was launched from Kennedy Space Center onJanuary 16, 2003 and performed its 16 day mission, On February 1, 2003, on its way back to the Earth, STS-107 Columbia was lost and all 7 crew were killed. Because of the Columbia accident, no data was obtained from NASDA's protein crystal growth experiment and BSP from the STS-107 mission.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, gigacycle fatigue properties were investigated for several microstructures prepared by heat treatment designed to simulate the heat-affected zone (HAZ) that results from welding. The results showed that internal matrix crack origin gigacycle fatigue becomes dominant in coarse-grained microstructures in spite of low tensile strength of only about 600 MPa. It was found that, high material strength is not always necessary and that microstructure plays an important role in the development of internal-origin gigacycle fatigue fractures.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we propose a fast learning algorithm of a support vector machine (SVM). Our work is based on the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) and we compress the data to perform properly in the context of clustered data margin maximization. For solving the problem faster, we propose the improved TOD algorithm, which is one of the simplest form of LVQ. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is as accurate as the existing implementation, but it is faster in most situations. We also show the extension of the proposed learning framework for online re-training problem.

抄録全体を表示

Ganciclovir is a nucleoside guanosine analogue that exhibits therapeutic activity against human cytomegalovirus infection, and is primarily excreted via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. The adverse effects induced by ganciclovir therapy are generally of a hematological nature and include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Low marrow cellularity and elevated serum creatinine have been identified as risk factors for ganciclovir-induced neutropenia. However, the risk factors for thrombocytopenia have yet to be determined. Therefore, this study investigated patients administered ganciclovir to determine the risk factors for thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 41 of these patients (30.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three independent risk factors for thrombocytopenia: cancer chemotherapy (odds ratio (OR)=3.1), creatinine clearance (<20 mL/min) (OR=12.8), and the ganciclovir dose (≥12 mg/kg/d) (OR=15.1). Leukopenia occurred in 36 patients (28.6%), and white blood cell count (<6000 cells/mm³) (OR=3.7) and the ganciclovir dose (≥12 mg/kg/d) (OR=7.8) were identified as risk factors. These results demonstrated that several factors influenced the occurrence of ganciclovir-induced thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and suggest that special attention should be paid to patients receiving cancer chemotherapy with a low creatinine clearance (<20 mL/min) and high dose (≥12 mg/kg/d) in order to avoid ganciclovir-induced thrombocytopenia.

抄録全体を表示

In recent broadband photonic network system, high speed optical data transmission is required. Electrooptic (EO) polymers are attractive because of their large nonlinearity, fast response time and ease of device fabrication. Therefore the EO polymers are expected for the application of ultra-high speed EO switch and/or wide bandwidth EO modulator, both of which will be used in future photonic network. In this report, recent progress of EO polymers and their application to waveguide type devices are described.

抄録全体を表示

We investigated parallel image compression circuits suitable for integration in high-speed CMOS image sensors.We compared the coding efficiency and hardware complexity of several image compression algorithms that use 2-D DCTs using simulation and logic synthesis,and found that using 4$\ imes$4 point 2-D DCT-based coding methods reduced hardware complexity and improved coding efficiency.We developed a parallel processing architecture for on-sensor image compression that use a processing element array and a data-buffering scheme for parallel data-output.We constructed a prototype 256 $\ imes$ 256 pixel high-speed CMOS image sensor chip that integrates 16 image compression-processing elements and uses 0.25-$\mu$m CMOS technology.The area of the image compression circuits is 80\% of the image array with 15 $\mu$m square pixels.The entire chip could be operated at a clock frequency of 53.6 MHz,and high-speed images compressed by a factor of four could be read out at 10,000 fps using a 32-bit parallel bus.

抄録全体を表示

本研究では，「火災研究における分子生物学的手法の導入の可能性と展開」の一例として，ヒト腸内フローラの解明に使用されている最先端技術であるメタゲノム解析を火災研究に適用した。2003年に三重県で起きたゴミ固形燃料（refuse-derived fuel, RDF）の生物学的特性の解明を目的に，桑名清掃事業組合およびさくらリサイクル製のRDFに存在する微生物分布を明らかにした。これらのRDFには水素産生菌であるBacillus sp. およびClostridium sp. が存在した。全微生物に占めるこれらの割合は，未培養の初期状態では約30％，水分添加後に嫌気状態で3日培養した後は，約60％に増加した。水素産生菌の種類について，培養の初期状態において，これらの菌種数はほぼ同数であったが，3日培養後に，桑名ではBacillus sp.，さくらではClostridium sp. が優勢菌種となった。
（オンラインのみ掲載）

抄録全体を表示

高濃度の金属オキソ酸イオンは動植物に有害であるため，工業排水から効果的に金属オキソ酸イオンを取り除くことが必要である．本研究ではスギ，竹などの木質材料によって金属オキソ酸イオン（Mo(VI)，W(VI)，V(V)，B(III)，Cr(VI)，Ge(IV)）を吸着できるかどうかを検討した．スギはこれらのいずれの金属イオンも吸着できることがわかった．また竹よりもスギのほうが高い金属イオン吸着容量を示した．吸着の最適pHは，用いる木質や金属によって異なった．また木質粉末への金属オキソ酸イオンの吸着平衡はLangmuirの吸着等温モデルでよく説明できた．木質粉末をNaOHによって処理することにより，スギによる金属イオンの吸着能が向上した．また，金属イオンのスギおよび竹への吸着速度は擬二次反応速度式で説明することができた．
以上より安価で大量に存在する木質材料（特にスギ）を特別な処理を施すことなく，そのままの状態で金属イオンの吸着剤として用いることができうる材料であることが示された．

抄録全体を表示

金属表面のメカノエレクトロケミカルな性質を検討するためにマイクロインデンテーション法を開発した．水溶液環境中，圧子の鉄不働態表面への接触による脱不働態化は表面の塑性変形時のみに起こり，その規模は下地鉄の硬さと変形面積に依存した．脱不働態化に継続する再不働態化反応は，試料の電極電位や溶液の液性（pH，電気伝導度）のみならず下地鉄に導入された転位の影響を受けた．さらに，本試験法はステンレス鋼の耐食性を評価するための不働態皮膜損傷法として役立った．本試験法は，試料表面任意部位の変形をμmオーダーで制御しながら電気化学応答をその場測定できるので，材料表面の微細金属組織に依存した表面の脱不働態-再不働態化の反応機構および反応速度論の精密な議論に適している．

抄録全体を表示

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare Control of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials (a chemical risk assessment method in the UK) with Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM) (a chemical risk assessment method in South Korea). The differences between the two processes were explored with a particular focus on their features and distinctions. Methods: The results obtained from applying COSHH Essentials and CHARM to 59 carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) substances were analyzed. The outcomes of the working environment assessments and the collated information about the usage of CMR chemicals were used for the analysis. Results: Among the 59 substances tested, 56 substances were rated at a risk level lower than 2, when evaluated with CHARM. However, with COSHH, all 59 substances were rated at risk level 3 or higher. With COSHH Essentials, the highest hazard group of 4 was automatically assigned to category E substances, regardless of the exposure level assessment. However, for CHARM, the risk could be adjusted according to the exposure level assessment, even for hazard group of 4. Conclusions: CHARM allocated lower risk levels to hazardous substances than COSHH Essentials. Ultimately, COSHH Essentials assesses exposure level through the physical properties and overall handling, and considers hazard with H-statements and R-phrases. COSHH Essentials was deemed more conservative than CHARM. CHARM may have underestimated the risk according to exposure level, even though the chemicals were highly hazardous. Therefore, CHARM can be used for the localized risk assessment of chemicals used in individual workplaces.(J Occup Health 2015; 57: 339–345)

抄録全体を表示

　近年本邦の結核罹患率は減少してきたが，結核患者に占める高齢者や日和見感染症患者の割合は増加傾向である．また，腸結核では狭窄症状が主で穿孔はまれである．我々は高齢のParkinson病患者に発症した続発性腸結核穿孔症例を経験した．患者は75歳の女性で，Parkinson病に罹患していた．食思不振による入院加療中に消化管穿孔を発症し，緊急開腹となった．終末回腸60cmに2か所の穿孔部を含む8か所の輪状潰瘍が存在した．回腸を切除し，口側をストーマに，肛側を盲端とした．病理組織学的検査で潰瘍部にLanghans巨細胞と好酸菌染色陽性の菌体を認めた．左肺上葉に壁肥厚を伴う空洞性病変が存在し，喀痰培養でGafky5号，喀痰結核菌核酸増幅法陽性であった．続発性腸結核による回腸穿孔と最終診断し，結核療養施設へ転院した．3剤併用抗結核療法で結核菌は陰転化し，術後9か月目にリハビリ施設へ転院した．

抄録全体を表示

We investigated parallel image compression circuits suitable for integration in high-speed CMOS image sensors. We compared the coding efficiency and hardware complexity of several image compression algorithms that use 2-D DCTs using simulation and logic synthesis, and found that using 4×4 point 2-D DCT-based coding methods reduced hardware complexity and improved coding efficiency. We developed a parallel processing architecture for on-sensor image compression that use a processing element array and a data-buffering scheme for parallel data-output. We constructed a prototype 256 × 256 pixel high-speed CMOS image sensor chip that integrates 16 image compression-processing elements and uses 0.25-μm CMOS technology. The area of the image compression circuits is 80% of the image array with 15 μm square pixels. The entire chip could be operated at a clock frequency of 53.6 MHz, and high-speed images compressed by a factor of four could be read out at 10,000 fps using a 32-bit parallel bus.

抄録全体を表示