The purpose of this study was to analyze Japanese and foreign papers related to the empowerment of cancer patients, and to identify trends and issues related to studies on cancer patient empowerment . We searched the web version of the Ichushi-Web Ver. 4, PubMed and CINAHL with the keywords "," "empowerment," "cancer," and "patient," and found one Japanese and six foreign papers meeting the selection criteria of this study. These papers were published between 1997 and 2004, and most study designs were factor analysis studies. To summarize, the research revealed that in interpreting the concept of cancer patient empowerment, emphasis was placed on partnership and self-respect, and that the process of empowering cancer patients was aggregated into three stages : recognition of lack of power ; working out how to control one's cancer, treatment, mind, and body ; and change of values. Also, the presence of significant others, health care professionals, and fellow sufferers played an important role in the process. It is necessary to grasp the essence and reality of empowerment based on the characteristics of cancer patients, and work towards developing a practical nursing intervention model and evaluation scale in line with the conceptual framework of empowerment.

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　　The main purpose of this study was to clarify the role of social innovation for women’s empowerment in disaster risk governance by focusing on common interest groups (CIG) in the haor area of Bangladesh.　We conducted key informant interviews (KII), a case study, and focus group discussions (FGD) with various stakeholders of Itna Union in the Kishoreganj District of Bangladesh to verify the following hypothesis.　“CIG is an effective approach to

women in poverty reduction and disaster risk governance through the creation of social innovation” (H1).　The results clarified that socio-political transformation for the empowerment of women through the CIG approach is weak in the region even though change has begun.　Thus, policy implications based on the analytical results suggest that the government should pay more attention to social innovation to reduce poverty and women in disaster risk governance while introducing a CIG approach.

JEL Classifications:J16, Q54

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Expanded efforts in drug discovery have not resulted in a parallel increase in the number of safe marketed drugs. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity continue to be major hurdles requiring new methods to identify unsafe compounds earlier in the pipeline and to better manage patient care. A systems biology approach using genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, epigenomics and bioinformatics coupled with in vitro and in vivo methods is beginning to make progress that might improve compound selection and personalized (precision) medicine. Examples to be presented include translational work being done in doxorubicin-mediated cardiomyopathy and acetaminophen (paracetamol) induced hepatotoxicity in rodents and humans.

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To date, tremendous efforts have been made by governments and organizations to fulfill United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 which aims to provide access to clean water and sanitation for all by 2030. However, in many parts of the world, people still struggle to equitably and adequately access safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene facilities, leading to adverse health and livelihood impacts. The challenges of poor WASH are most prevalent among indigenous societies and in peri-urban and urban slums of low- and middle-income countries; and they have been exacerbated by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, this special issue deliberates over community-based activities and interventions conducted by local Non-Governmental Organizations in Cameroon which target local communities that are often unreachable, invisible, unquantified and ostracized. We particularly highlight inter-sectoral collaborations between these organizations and international scholars, taking into account specific local contexts with an aim to local communities by (1) raising awareness of the importance of good hygiene attitudes and practices (handwashing) in the fight against COVID-19 through sensitization campaigns, (2) co-creating values from sanitation (tree planting in old toilets), and (3) ensuring that indigenous people have a voice while providing them with the necessary support to live a dignified life. The papers also aim to provide key information for government, local and international organizations, and researchers that work to support vulnerable populations in Cameroon and other Sub-Saharan African countries experiencing similar problems related to WASH access and services, the COVID-19 pandemic, and identity.

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The construction of e-government entails the construction of an information system connecting the government with its society. The infrastructure and content of the applications determine the success of an e-government's implementation. Limitations of Internet access and people's awareness are the main problems in most developing countries, including Indonesia. Thus, the implementers of Indonesian e-government have to consider the social conditions and cultural behavior of their society. We propose the development of Community-based Information Systems (CIS) to the implementation of Indonesian e-government. A CIS is designed to take into account the Indonesian societal system, which is structured by communities. CIS is formatted based on one primary portal that groups numbers of community websites. In this paper, one pilot system is presented (www.nagari.org).

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単に記憶することやデータにもとづく判断の多くは、やがてAIに代替されるようになる。一方「発想すること・ひらめくこと」はAIでは代替されにくいため、今後は、より重要性が高まる。 Hondaは「人の素晴らしさが際立つロボティクス社会」の実現をめざしている。その中で大切にしているキーワードは、人の可能性を拡大する

、人と共に成長するExperience、人と共感するEmpathyの３つの「E」である。 その一環として、すでに人の身体機能支援として歩行アシストの商品開発を行っているが、本稿では人の知的機能支援として取り組んでいる発想支援システム「ひらめきエンジン」を紹介する。

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A city-level digital twin is a critical enabling technology to construct a smart city that helps improve citizens' living conditions and quality of life. Currently, research and development regarding the digital replica city are pursued worldwide. However, many research projects only focus on creating the 3D city model. A mechanism to involve key players, such as data providers, service providers, and application developers, is essential for constructing the digital replica city and producing various city applications. Based on this motivation, the authors of this paper are pursuing a research project, namely Decentralized Digital Twin EcoSystem (D2EcoSys), to create an ecosystem to advance (and self-grow) the digital replica city regarding time and space directions, city services, and values. This paper introduces an overview of the D2EcoSys project: vision, problem statement, and approach. In addition, the paper discusses the recent research results regarding networking technologies and demonstrates an early testbed built in the Kashiwa-no-ha smart city.

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日本独自の写真電送技術である丹羽保次郎氏 (日本電気) の特許に着目した．本特許は，送信画像信号形成方式の基本技術であり，その方式が搭載された装置は，我が国初の写真電送装置として，1928年の昭和天皇即位式ニュース写真の電送に用いられた．

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  This is a review of preceding research regarding the CDD (Community-Driven Development) approach and its impact on women and minorities’ empowerment. Women were dominated by males in societies in the past. Now in developed countries, the situation has changed. Women have equal opportunities in every aspect, while in developing countries discrimination still exists especially in the field of education. Constitutionally discrimination has been eliminated but in actual society attitude toward women is still discriminating. In international societies, donor agencies have focused on empowering women to participate with equal opportunities in the development process of developing countries. CDD approach is also an approach that aims to eliminate poverty, realize economic growth, and promote empowerment of women and vulnerable groups and minorities through a participatory approach. World Bank and Asian Development Bank have increased their budget allocation to women empowerment programs. Compulsory women participation rule by ADB and World Bank in CDD program also helped women get out from the limited household jobs to society. Through participating in community group meetings, women were given opportunities to raise their voices regarding their needs and rights. Women explored themselves through economic, political, and human development activities. In many projects, women’s participation was found to be more than 40%. Impact evaluation of CDD projects found increased women literacy, improved life expectancy and reduced gender gap, and better Human Development Index.

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Livelihood-improvement extension workers are key people in enhancing the success of rural women entrepreneurs in Sabah, East Malaysia. They have the skills to provide rural women with basic training in areas such as food processing, health, handicrafts, and sewing. The extension workers provides training courses for rural women with the objective of giving them these skills and educating them in farm family development so that they become motivated to form into groups to start business projects, and then to gradually expand their businesses. Although these training courses are conducted annually, the number of successful rural women entrepreneurs is significantly low. This study analyzes the approaches used by extension workers to train and motivate rural women to starting business projects and determines the factors that contribute to rural women's success in their entrepreneurial activities. This paper also considers the necessity of dealing with gender issues in the training of extension workers and concludes that further fundamental training is needed to enhance the capacity of extension workers to improve the livelihood of rural women. In particular, training extension workers in gender issues, the use of a participatory training approach, and improving their facilitation skills will ensure that their work will benefit and rural women and help them to start businesses and thus achieve a degree of financial independence.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) intrinsically requires large-scale data whereas chest X-ray (CXR) images tend to be data/annotation-scarce, leading to over-fitting. Therefore, based on our development experience and related work,this paper thoroughly introduces tricks to improve generalization in the CXR diagnosis : how to (i) leverage additional data,(ii) augment/distillate data, (iii) regularize training, and (iv) conduct efficient segmentation. As a development example based on such optimization techniques, we also feature LPIXEL's CNN-based CXR solution, EIRL Chest Nodule, which improved radiologists/non-radiologists' nodule detection sensitivity by 0.100/0.131, respectively, while maintaining specificity.

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Seed plays a vital role in most crop-production ventures. Various strategies for seed management are important for food security and safety. One of these is the use of organic seed. Organic production requires that farmers use fertilizers from natural sources and natural pest management techniques, but they must also use organic seed. Organic seed is locally adapted natural seed, not a product of genetic engineering. It should be farmer-bred, and its parents must have been grown organically for at least one generation. Organic seed production should be coupled with appropriate seed handling and processing, storage, and quality testing processes that are site-specific, cost efficient, and promote maintenance of a sound environment. Self-production of seed (seed saving) is another strategy that should be encouraged so that farmers are not dependent on private seed companies or government for their seed. This approach will also discourage the planting of hybrids and thus reduce the risk of genetic erosion. The role of seed in genetic conservation is particularly significant during times of disasters, famine, and climate change. Conservation of locally adapted and traditional seed varieties in community seedbanks will help to maintain sustainability in agricultural production and local communities by making them custodians of the genetic heritage of their crops. A university seed program that caters to the needs of students, researchers, farmers, and the private sector is needed. Tertiary education about seed should be improved and should focus not only on providing knowledge and skills but also on inculcating value systems. Current curricula should be examined to see if they address current needs. Informal seed education involving farmers in local communities should also be considered as this will farmers by increasing their control of the seed they use and the food they produce.

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人類の歴史は，２１世紀に入って，ある種の「工学的転回」technological turn を経て，世界の工学化という新しい現実に突入した．そのとき，大学の教養教育として，すべての人のための「工学のリベラルアーツ」を組織することは急務ではないか？

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