A supersonic pan-evaporimeter was developed for performing dynamic analysis of evaporative demand in a greenhouse. The pan-evaporimeter comprises two parts: a small-sized cylindrical container (a diameter of 27 cm, a height of 15 cm) filled with water and a supersonic water-level detector. The pan evaporation rate (E_pan) can be evaluated for an arbitrary time interval on the basis of the decrease in the water level due to evaporation from the pan-evaporimeter. The performance and validity of the panevaporimeter were examined by analyzing the characteristics of E_pan on an hourly basis and its relation with the solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, wind speed, in addition, the transpiration rate of a tomato plant (Tr) in a greenhouse. A positive linear relationship was clearly obtained between the hourly E_pan and the environmental elements, and then sensitivity of E_pan to the environmental elements was revealed. Furthermore, a good correlation was found between the E_pan and the Tr on hourly basis for one day. These results suggest that the developed pan-evaporimeter is a useful tool for analyzing the dynamics of evaporative demand and for estimating the transpiration rate in a greenhouse.

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High-magnesium nickel slag (HMNS) and phosphogypsum (PG) are hazardous industrial solid waste. The present work focuses on the feasibility of using the two materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) added to cement. The slag and gypsum were ground into different specific surface area (2235 cm²/g, 3040 cm²/g and 3900 cm²/g), then mixed into ten different samples. The effect of SCM addition was detected by isothermal conduction calorimetry (ICC) testing, compressive strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and linear shrinkage. The results showed that the HMNS-PG composite cementitious material with suitable specific surface area has relatively high activity, and a small amount of gel and alumina-ferric oxide-trisulfate (AFt or ettringite) are detected in HMNS-PG composite cementitious material. According to the results, the high-magnesium nickel slag could be together with phosphogypsum as substitutes for cement, improved the utilization rate of industrial waste and reduced environmental pollution.

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Author presents his review paper on a noticeable trend of late years in meat refrigeration characterizing in three technological concerns such as increase of operation efficiency in chilling and freezing which result in substantial reduction of energy consumption, improvement in meat tenderness and re-examination of the currently available T. T. T. data for frozen meat storage.
He considers from industrial point of view that the new trend has been much encouraged by many research papers so far published treating three topics as follows ;1) removal of meat from unchilled carcass (hot boning) which saves time and energy used for operation and helps a concomitant reasonable reduction of refrigeration facilities, 2) electrical stimulation of carcass in order to protect meat from adverse toughening due to cold shortening and 3) processing-induced changes in frozen storage life of meat. And he makes a brief comment on each topic to elucidate its technological or economical significance and gives a review of relevant studies abroad, citing abstracts of many papers from IIR Bulletin and International Journal of Refrigeration issued in last two or three years.

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Plasmodium falciparum is one of the causative agents of malaria in humans. This parasite causes the most severe forms of the disease. In order to combat the disease, it is important to have knowledge about the parasite and its interaction with its host. In this study, we profiled 74 patients admitted to hospital in Tagum, Davao, Philippines who were confirmed to be infected with P. falciparum. We correlated the age, sex and parasite load with malaria severity and show that among these, only sex is correlated with disease severity in this population. In addition, we profiled the MSP-1 block 2 allele distribution in the population and found that the most abundant allele form was K1, followed by MAD20. The RO33 allele form was the rarest allele in this population.

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in almost all human tissues and presumably involved in age-related alterations and diseases. Here, we examined the impact of aging and sex on the serum CoQ10 status in 860 European adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 years. We identified an inverse U-shaped relationship between CoQ10 concentration and age. Women showed lower cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 levels than men, irrespective of age. As observed in both sexes, the decrease in CoQ10 concentration in older subjects was accompanied by a shift in the redox status in favour of the oxidized form. A strong positive correlation was found for total CoQ10 and cholesterol concentrations (Spearman’s, p≤1E-74). We found strong negative correlations between total (Spearman’s, p≤1E-07) and between cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 concentration (Spearman’s, p≤1E-14) and the proportion of the oxidized form of CoQ10. These correlations were not dependent on age and sex and were attenuated by supplementation with 150 mg/day reduced CoQ10 for 14 days. Overall, our results are useful to define risk groups with critical CoQ10 status in humans. In particular, older subjects were characterized by impaired CoQ10 status due to their lowered serum CoQ10 concentration and concomitant decrease of CoQ10 redox capacity.

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Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest single source of mercury (Hg) emissions globally. In this study, Hg contamination was investigated in rice, vegetables, soil, drinking water and groundwater near ASGM sites in Mandailing Natal District, North Sumatra, Indonesia to assess the human health risk of Hg to the residents. The mean Hg concentrations in the rice and vegetables were 50±33 μg/kg dw (n=20) and 2,100±2,500 μg/kg dw (n=12), respectively, and that in the paddy soil and farm soil were 5,600±12,000 μg/kg dw (n=20) and 19,000±33,000 μg/kg dw (n=12), respectively. Hg concentrations in the food, soil and drinking water samples decreased significantly with increasing distance from the amalgam burning facility to the sampling site, suggesting that the burning facility is a major source of Hg in this area. All drinking water samples were below the WHO safe value of Hg, whereas 96% of the vegetable and 82% of rice samples exceeded the safe value from the Indonesian National Standard or the FAO/WHO. The non-cancer risk calculated from the hazard quotients for the rice and vegetables exceeded 1 for children and adults. This paper provides information on Hg contamination in food and the environment in an understudied area, employing health risk assessment to evaluate long-term impacts on human health and offering insights for government decision-making regarding food quality.

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To conserve both form and function in the oral area, effective and selective drugs against oral cancer will be required. We focused on MUC1, a transmembrane glycoprotein, that is considered tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for cancer therapy. Recently, studies were done to evaluate the patterns of MUC1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and it was found that higher MUC1 expression correlates with tumor invasion and metastasis. Using oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, we demonstrate here that tumor-specific targeting of MUC1 with the specific monoclonal antibody C595 has functional consequences with regard to complement deposition on MUC1-expressing oral cancer cell lines. Anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) also induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to OSCC cells, and these effects were strongly correlated with MUC1 expression. Thus, these results indicate that anti-MUC1 mAb could provide a useful tool against OSCCs, and may provide insight into the development of low side-effect targeting therapy for this malignant disease.

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With massive utilization of video in every aspect of our daily lives, managing videos is crucial and demanding. The rich literature of data embedding has proven its viability in managing as well as enriching videos and other multimedia contents, but conventional methods are designed to operate in the media/compression layer. In this work, the synchronization between the audio-video and subtitle tracks within an MP4 format container is manipulated to insert data. Specifically, the data are derived from the statistics of the audio samples and video frames, and it serves as the authentication data for verification purpose. When needed, the inserted authentication data can be extracted and compared against the information computed from the received audio samples and video frames. The proposed method is lightweight because simple statistics, i.e., ‘0’ and ‘1’ at the bit stream level, are treated as the authentication data. Furthermore, unlike conventional MP4 container format-based data insertion technique, the bit stream size remains unchanged before and after data insertion using the proposed method. The proposed authentication method can also be deployed for joint utilization with any existing authentication technique for audio / video as long as these media can be multiplexed into a single bit stream and contained within an MP4 container. Experiments are carried out to verify the basic functionality of the proposed technique as an authentication method.

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En español existe una polemica sobre los verbos auxiliares: ¿Qué verbos se deben considerar auxiliares? En este articulo hemos tratado de este problema. En las construcciones con verbos auxiliares o con verbos cópulativos su función queda determinada según que el verbo auxiliado presente función verbal o no. Por ejemplo,
i) a. La Prensa francesa está entrevistando al presidente.
b. El fenomeno está estudiado en psiquiatria.
c. El cielo está azul.
En la oracion (i a) el verbo estar se analiza como auxiliar y en la oracion (i c) el verbo se considera exclusivamente como cópula. En contraste el verbo se puede considerar tanto auxiliar como cópula en la oracion (i b). Hemos aclarado principalmente el mecanismo de la gramaticalizacion y basandonos en esto hemos explicado la relación entre verbos independientes, auxiliares y cópulativos. Para determinar su función hemos estáblecido la cadena de TAM (Tiempo, Aspecto, y Modal) del verbo. (Verb-to-TAM-chain). Según se acerque la Meta, el verbo va consiguiendo su valor auxiliar, perdiendo el significado léxico original y su caracteristica categorial, obteniendo asi el carácter de los cliticos, etc. Este proceso se apoya en el cambio conceptual basado en Esquema de Evento (Event Schema).
Los verbos usados en la construcción progresiva -andar, ir, venir, etc. -se relacionan con su uso auxiliar por medio del Esquema de Evento X moves to Y-X stays in a Y manner.
Este Esquema de Evento explica su uso en la construcción progresiva, es decir, muestra por qué los verbos arriba mencionados conservan algún aspecto del significado original, y a veces no se pueden usar en la construcción progresiva, como ocurre en las oraciones siguientes.
(ii) a. ·Ando teniendo suerte estos dias. (Estoy teniendo suerte.)
b. ·Andaba lloviendo a cántaros. (estaba lloviendo a cántaros.)

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En el Quijote hay un episodio conocido como la historia de Grisóstomo y Mercela (I. xii-xiv). Grisóstomo, desesperado por el desdén y desamor de Marcela, “murió de amores” de ella segün dicen. Sin embargo, antes de morir él había dejado una poesía en la que se quejaba de la crueldad de la mujer y expresaba la intención de matarse por su desesperación. De ahí que unos críticos pusieran en tela de juicio el modo verdadero de su muerte.
?Fue suicidio o muerte natural? Américo Castro dice que del contexto de la prosa “nadie saca la impresión de que el pastor obstinado se suicidó. ” Para dar plena explicación a la contradicción entre la prosa y la poesía en el contenido se han presentado varias interpretaciones tales como la de Castro, Luis Rosales y J.B. Avalle-Arce. A mí no me parece que ninguno de estos se diera buena cuenta de que había aun en la prosa unas alusiones al suicidio del Grisóstomo. Con esto se perderia la razón de por qué se discute la misma ambigüedad sobre su muerte. El autor, cuando describía al pastor perdido por el amor, intentó relevar otros personajes: Marcela y Don Quijote; los cuales persiguen el mismo camino hacia la virtud: La castidad para aquélla y la libertad del alma para éste.
Cervantes, como solía hacer en sus obras para resolver el enredo de los amores, usó del suicidio como ültimo medio de solución. Con la muerte voluntaria del quiso el autor elogiar la libertad del alma y la fuerza del amor. Aunque el no aceptaba el suicidio como recurso para escapar de las dificultades, porque era buen cristiano, lo admitía sólo cuando se trataba de la libertad del amor. Según nuestra iinterpretación, Cervantes no buscaba ninguna ambigüedad con la muerte de Grisóstomo, sino la contraposición marcada de caracteres en el episodio: Grisóstomo por un lado, Marcela y Don Quijote por el otro.

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 CXC ケモカインファミリーであるGRO-α は，好中球走化性因子として知られている他，腫瘍増殖能や血管新生能を有することが明らかとなっている．これまでに口腔粘膜上皮のGRO-α 産生は報告されていたが，GRO-α の口腔癌における役割は不明である．そこで本研究では口腔癌におけるGRO-α を介した血管新生作用や腫瘍増殖効果について実験的に検討した． 3 種類の口腔扁平上皮癌由来細胞にTNF-α 処理をしたところ，GRO-α の発現量は細胞間で大きく異なっており，TNF-α 依存的なGRO-α 産生は個々の腫瘍細胞の性質に依存することが示唆された．GRO-α を最も多く産生したKOSC-2 (舌癌由来細胞株) のTNF-α 処理後の培養上清は，血管内皮細胞の走化性を亢進し，GRO-α 特異的な中和抗体の添加はその亢進を部分的に抑制した．さらに，ヒト組み換え型GRO-α は KOSC-2 の増殖を促進した．これらの結果から，口腔癌においてGRO-α は腫瘍の増悪因子である可能性が示唆された．

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Se cree que Mateo Alemán era converso. Se considera que nuestro novelista era descendiente de Alemán Pocasangre, un judío quemado por la Inquisición. La medicina a que se dedicaba la familia Aleman y la recaudación de impuestos que el escritor ocupaba unas veces eran las profesiones preferidas por la raza judía. También el traslado de Alemán a México origina unas sospechas en torno a su sangre.
Esta condición del converso influye mucho en sus escritos. En efecto, la mentalidad que caracterizaba a los conversos se percibe en su Guzmán de Alfarache y otras obras suyas. Eran los frutos de esta mentalidad los temas como la búsqueda de la sangre y la identidad, el cambio de apellidos y el deseo de anonimato, la reclamación de la igualdad del hombre en sangre y linaje, el temor y el odio al vulgo, la obsesión de la asechanza y la murmuracion, y la critica de la limpieza de sangre.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and prognoses for fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Two hundred and forty-one cases of fetuses with ventriculomegaly were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their lateral ventricular width: "Mild Ventriculomegaly" (10 ‒ < 12 mm), "Moderate Ventriculomegaly" (12 ‒ < 15 mm) and "Severe Ventriculomegaly" (≥ 15 mm). Pediatric examination records and telephone interviews were conducted to track the outcomes of children until the age of 9 years. Eight-two cases were Isolated Ventriculomegaly (34.0%), while Non-Isolated Ventriculomegaly was found in 159 cases (66.0%). The pregnancy was terminated in 91 cases, and a higher abortion ratio was found in the NIVM (Non-Isolated Ventriculomegaly) group compared with the IVM (Isolated Ventriculomegaly) group. The fetuses were delivered in 150 cases, and four infants suffered deaths with NIVM. Of the surviving fetuses, 7 with IVM and 9 with NIVM showed significant abnormalities. The Mild and Moderate VM groups had more favorable prognoses compared with the Severe VM group. Regarding the outcomes and progression of lateral ventricular width, 1 out of 42 cases in the regressed group and 19 out of 108 cases in the stable group showed significant abnormalities. This study suggests that the degree and the progression of ventricular dilatation are main factors that affect pregnancy outcomes and prognoses.

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Intermittent fasting, which can effectively reduce obesity and improve the related metabolic syndrome has become an exciting research area in recent years. Adipose tissue is pivotal in regulating the metabolism and determining the occurrence of obesity. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of acute fasting (AF) on fat tissue. Mice were subjected to AF for 36 h, receiving normal chow (low-fat diet [LFD]) or a high-fat diet (HFD), with free ad libitum access to drinking water, and those fed on free-diet counterparts without fasting serveding as controls. We found that AF obviously reshaped the morphology of fat tissue (WAT) and promoted the beiging of white adipose tissue in both LFD- and HFD-fed mice. AF principally improved the lipid metabolism, and increased the M2- polarization of macrophages in WAT white fat tissue of HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, we found that AF dramatically upregulated Sirt5 expression levels and fat tissue succinylation, suggesting that AF-induced beneficial effects on fat might occur via the regulation of Sirt5 levels and altered succinylation in fatty tissues. Our study clearly showed the remodeling function of adipose tissue during AF; in terms of mechanism, the regulation of succinylation levels by AF might provide new insights into the mechanism(s) underlying the improvement in fat metabolism by energy restriction.

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La preposición española hasta funciona como adverbio de dos maneras: con el valor de ‘incluso’ y con el valor de ‘como mucho’. Según nuestra investigación diacrónica, hemos podido aclarar, dentro del límite de nuestros tres corpus (del siglo XV, del XVI y de la época actual), que el uso adverbial de hasta, con valor de ‘incluso’, es frecuente y casi exclusivo en la época moderna, normal en el siglo XVI, pero rarísimo en la época más antigua, y que el uso adverbial de hasta del valor de ‘como mucho’ es casi exclusivo en el siglo XV, bastante vigente en el siglo XVI, pero ya rara en la época moderna. En fin, la partícula hasta denota siempre el límite de un proceso en el espacio, en el tiempo o en la cantidad, cuando obviamente funciona como preposición.

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Baroja, que luchó contra los poderes de la Iglesia, el Estado en la vida, era tímido y sentimental; sobre todo, en punto al amor y matrimonio.
En su vida experimentó poco el amor segun dicen los comentaristas y él mismo por medio de “Memorias. ”
Baroja pinta negativamente el matrimonio en las obras principales: “Camino de perfeccion, ” “César o nada” y “El árbol de la ciencia. ” En “Camino de perfección” el matrimonio de Fernando y Dolores tiene poco sentido más que de dar a luz al hijo, que Fernando quiere criar en plena libertad e independencia sin la influencia de la sociedad tradicional.
En “César o nada, ” después del matrimonio César Moncada transige con cosas que se oponen a sus principios, y la mujer le arrastra y le hace cambiar del modo de vivir y pensar.
En “El árbol de la ciencia” Andrés Hurtado, que se opone al matrimonio por su pesimismo, se casa finalmente para suicidarse en la situación desesperada de la muerte de su mujer y el hijo. Por eso, no podemos menos de observar que el autor no tiene esperanza del matrimonio.
En la vida real Baroja conservó un gran amor por su madre, y ésta lo trató como a un eterno nino. Y resulta, a mi juicio, que Baroja critica severamente a otras mujeres.
Yo he llegado a la conclusión de que Baroja no se casó por la ideología pesimista, por el gran amor a su madre, por falta de la experiencia amorosa y por la crítica severa del modo de ser femenino.

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