lacA coding for β-galactosidase (β-gal) was cloned from the genomic DNA of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40. There were 9 exons in lacA and the coding region of 3,015 bp encoded a protein of 1,005 aa with a deduced molecular mass of 109,898. A. oryzae lacA was highly homologous to fungal β-, with the highest aa identity of 70.7% to A. niger lacA, and also showed significant identity to acid β- belonging to family 35 glycosyl hydrolases. Approximately 10 copies of lacA under control of A. oryzae glaA promoter were integrated into the chromosome of A. oryzae M-2-3. The recombinant strain expressed more than 700-fold of the β-gal activity as compared to the wild type strain under induction by maltose.

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A series of shaking table tests was performed on a rigid and non-yielding small-scale retaining wall. Seismic earth pressures during the vibration were measured for two backfill conditions: one with sandy backfill and the other with compressible cushion material inserted between the wall and the backfill. Depending on the thickness of the compressible material, the seismic pressure could be reduced by 30 to 60%. Increase of the thickness leads to higher reduction of the pressure, however, there is an optimum value for the thickness beyond which the reduction capacity does not seem to alter much. Also, when the acceleration level increases, the reduction capacity reaches its saturation.

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This paper presents a study of (Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous) architecture multi-core processor design with asynchronous interconnects. While is expected to reduce more power dissipation, it has not been the mainstream of LSI design yet, since there have been no mature design tools for asynchronous circuit design. For design, we constructed a design flow based on general synchronous design tools, by specification of design constraints and configurations. Applying the design flow to an experimental multi-core processor design including an asynchronous interconnect based on QDI (Quasi Delay Insensitive) model, we successfully obtained a netlist and layout, and proved that the flow works correctly, by netlist simulation with delay information back-annotated from the layout. Experimental results show the area, power and throughput of the asynchronous interconnect to indicate the impact by introducing architecture instead of globally synchronous design.

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This paper presents a study of (Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous) architecture multi-core processor design with asynchronous interconnects. While is expected to reduce more power dissipation, it has not been the mainstream of LSI design yet, since there have been no mature design tools for asynchronous circuit design. For design, we constructed a design flow based on general synchronous design tools, by specification of design constraints and configurations. Applying the design flow to an experimental multi-core processor design including an asynchronous interconnect based on QDI (Quasi Delay Insensitive) model, we successfully obtained a netlist and layout, and proved that the flow works correctly, by netlist simulation with delay information back-annotated from the layout. Experimental results show the area, power and throughput of the asynchronous interconnect to indicate the impact by introducing architecture instead of globally synchronous design.

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過去の大地震では、無補強盛土とRC橋台からなる従来型の橋梁(重力式橋台橋梁)が多数崩壊している。高い耐震性とともに高い経済性を実現できる新しい橋梁構造を開発するために、重力式橋台橋梁、Integral bridge(一体橋梁)、ジオシンセティックス補強土(GRS)擁壁橋梁、新形式一体GRS橋梁の4種類の構造形式の橋梁の模型振動台実験を行い、それらの動的崩壊メカニズムと安定性を検討した。重力式橋台橋梁では固定支承側の橋台の不安定性、一体橋梁では盛土上部の受働破壊と盛土下部の主働崩壊のための壁面工の過大な回転変位、GRS橋台橋梁では独立した固定支承側の小橋台の不安定等の諸問題が明らかとなった。一体橋梁とGRS擁壁を組み合わせた新形式一体GRS橋梁では、この二つの形式の橋梁システムの長所を活かし欠点を解消できることが分かった。

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大地震における斜面上の擁壁の破壊メカニズム及び耐震性を調べるために、三種類の擁壁の縮小模型を用いて段階的不規則波加振実験を行った。その結果、斜面上のもたれ擁壁では、基礎の斜面と擁壁背面盛土の破壊が比較的低い振動台加速度で生じ、擁壁が水平移動し転倒破壊した。剛な一体壁面工を有する補強土擁壁は、振動台振動加速度が比較的大きくなってから基礎の斜面と擁壁背面の盛土内に比較的大きな破壊面が生じ、水平移動が卓越した。大径補強攪拌混合杭で擁壁の頂部近くの盛土と擁壁の下部の斜面を補強したもたれ擁壁は、1gを越える高い台振動加速度でも変位が小さく、非常に強い耐震性を示した。この工法は、斜面上の既設もたれ擁壁の補強に有効である。また、動的土圧増分の分布は基本的には台形であるが、擁壁の種類・加振レベル及び擁壁全体の破壊状況に支配されることが分かった。

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After the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention) installed the K-NET that uniformly covers all Japan with more than one thousand strong-motion accelerometers on the ground surface. In addition to the K-NET, NIED constructed an uphole/downhole observation network, KiK-net, with approximately 669 stations. Each KiK-net station has a borehole of 100 m or more in depth and strong-motion seismographs have been installed both on the ground surface and at the bottom of the boreholes. The velocity profiles and geological information as well as the observed records are widely accessible on the website.

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Significant efforts have been put into optimization of systems by considering locally synchronous modules as individual and independent islands of circuits. While existing approaches do improve some of the system characteristics, due to their limited scope, their achieved improvement is often limited too. This paper proposes an optimization approach in which a system is optimized as a whole. The approach allows combinational or sequential sub-modules to move from one synchronous module to another while preserving the system functionality. Experimental results show that if the movements are done properly, the proposed approach provides better results than the existing methods. The application of the proposed approach on benchmark circuits demonstrates 15.8% latency reduction with 3.3% area overhead in average.

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The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the use of electronic devices in our daily activities. Increasingly, such activities involve the exchange of personal and sensitive data by means of portable and light weight devices. This implied the use of security applications in devices with tight processing capability and low power budget. Current architectures for processors that run security applications are optimized for either high-performance or low energy consumption. We propose an implementation for an architecture that not only provides high performance and low energy consumption but also mitigates security attacks on the cryptographic algorithms which are running on it. The proposed architecture of the Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous-based Low Power Security Processor (

-based LPSP) inherits the scheduling freedom and high performance from the dataflow architectures and the low energy consumption and flexibility from the systems. In this paper, a prototype of the -based LPSP is implemented as a soft core on the Virtex-5 (xc5-vlx155t) FPGA. The architectural features that allow the processor to mitigate Side-Channel attacks are explained in detail and tested on the current encryption standard, the AES. The performance analysis reveals that the -based LPSP achieves two times higher throughput with one and a half times less energy consumption than the currently used embedded processors.

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A novel β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene was cloned from Bacillus circulans ATCC 31382. The coding region was 1, 758 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 586 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 66, 888. Active staining for β-gal showed that B. circulans ATCC 31382 produced three β-gal isozymes. Two of these were detected in Biolacta N5 (Daiwakasei Co.), but the product of this novel gene corresponded to the one not contained in Biolacta N5. The novel β-gal showed the highest amino acid sequence identity (43.3% ) with a β1→3 > 1→4 galactosidase from Xanthomonas manihotis and was also highly similar to β- from animals, plants, and fungi. This suggests an evolutionary relationship between this novel gene and those of eukaryotic origins. One of the two B. circulans β-, the nucleotide sequences of which are available in the GenBank, was 20% identical to the novel β-gal. Other bacterial β- showed little or no similarity. We propose that this novel β-gal be called B. circulans β-gal-3, and the gene be called bgaC.

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For a globally asynchronous locally synchronous () system, data transfer mechanisms based on a current-mode multiple valued logic (CMMVL) has been studied to reduce complexity and power dissipation of wires. However, these schemes consume considerable amount of power even in idle states because of the static power caused by their inherent structure. In this paper, new encoder and decoder circuits using CMMVL are suggested to reduce the static power. The effectiveness of the proposed data transfer is validated by comparisons with the previous CMMVL scheme and conventional voltage-mode schemes such as dual-rail and 1-of-4 encodings through simulation with a 0.25-μm CMOS technology. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CMMVL scheme significantly reduces power consumption of the previous one and is superiorr to dual-rail and 1-of-4 schemes over wire length of 2mm and 4mm, respectively.

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固定と可動の支沓を介して橋桁を一対の片持ち梁形式の橋台（重力式、L 型RC 構造物など）の上端で支持し裏込め盛土は無補強のままである従来形式の橋梁の耐震性は、一般に大変低い。従来形式の一体橋梁では、連続桁を一対の橋台と一体化している。新しい形式のGRS 一体橋梁では、橋桁を剛な一体壁面工と一体化するとともに、裏込め盛土を壁面工背面に結合したジオシンセティックス補強材で補強するため、遥かに高い耐震性を有する。GRS 一体橋梁の耐震安定性は、補強盛土の壁面工背後の一部分をセメント改良することで更に向上する。これら異なる形式の一体橋梁の振動台模型実験の結果を一自由度系振動理論で解析し、盛土のジオシンセティックス補強とセメント改良により動的強度、動的靭性、減衰特性が高くなり、その結果耐震性が高くなることを示した。

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  The cDNAs coding for Mortierella vinacea α-galactosidases I and II were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the yeast GAL10 promoter. The recombinant enzymes purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate were glycosylated, and had properties identical to those of the native enzymes except for improving the heat stability of α-galactosidase II and decreasing the specific activities of both enzymes.

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In this paper, we propose a new method for measuring metastability in the mutual exclusion element (MUTEX) implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Our method uses fine-grained phase shifts of a digital clock manager to trigger Flip-Flops to generate concurrent inputs for a MUTEX. By dynamically adjusting the phase shift between two clock signals, we can force the MUTEX into a metastable state. The benefit of our approach is that it is easier to force the MUTEX become metastable compared to the conventional approach using two un-correlated signals. The experiments have been performed on a Xilinx Spartan-6 (XC6SLX9-4TQG144C).

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To establish the structural design method which can estimate a seismic performance accurately, shaking table tests were made for wood-framed residential structures using full-scale model. A total floor area of the model was 125.9m^2. The Ground acceleration with 1000 seismic motion was applied. The motion was amplified from the JMA-kobe (NS) which was recorded in the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The motion were applied three times. However, no critical damage was found. It was made clear that the model was strong enough. The maximum response acceleration was recorded as much as 2095 on the 2nd floor and 3374 on the roof in the excitation of 1000 of JMA-kobe. It was found that the maximum storey shear was recorded by 322kN, that is equivalent to 1.8 in base shear coefficient. It was made clear that the model has high ductile performance. The maximum storey shear of the model was 3 times as much as estimated value. Also the proportion of the shear wall was equal to or less than 1/2 of the total storey shear, and the non-structural secondary walls contribute mainly to the seismic performance.

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Two putative α-galactosidase genes from rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Nipponbare) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 27 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. These enzymes showed α-galactosidase activity and were purified by Ni Sepharose column chromatography. Two purified recombinant α-galactosidases (α-galactosidase II and III; α-Gal II and III) showed a single protein band on SDS–PAGE with molecular mass of 42 kDa. These two enzymes cleaved not only α-D-galactosyl residues from the non-reducing end of substrates such as melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, but also liberated the galactosyl residues attached to the O-6 position of the mannosyl residue at the reducing-ends of mannobiose and mannotriose. In addition, these enzymes clipped the galactosyl residues attached to the inner-mannosyl residues of mannopentaose. Thus, α-Gal II catalyzes efficient degalactosylation of galactomannans, such as guar gum and locust bean gum.

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無補強盛土と橋桁を支持する一対のRC橋台からなる従来形式の橋梁は、支承部の維持管理と盛土沈下に加えて、レベルII地震動に対して設計すると過大な構造体となる問題がある。剛な一体壁面工を持つジオシンセティックス補強盛土を橋台とすると、RC壁体と基礎は簡素化できるが橋桁長の制限や支承部の維持管理、小橋台・橋桁系の耐震性に問題が残る。RCの橋台と橋桁が一体化した構造は、構造が簡素化されて支承部がなくなるが、気温の季節変動に伴う橋桁の伸縮による盛土沈下・土圧増加と盛土の耐震性に問題が残る。ジオシンセティックス補強盛土と一体橋梁を組み合わせた新形式橋梁を提案した。従来形式と構造・工程を比較し、新形式では従来形式での諸問題が解消でき特長を生かせることを示した。これら4形式の橋梁モデルを用いて振動台実験を行い、耐震性能と破壊モードを検討し、新形式の橋梁が最も耐震性に優れていることを示した。

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The aim of this study was to determine the profiles of mRNA expressions of gallinacin (Gal)-1, -2 and -3, which are the antimicrobial peptides, in the oviduct of laying hens. The oviductal tissues of White Leghorn laying hens were collected. Expressions of Gal-1, -2 and -3 mRNA were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR and localized in the vagina by in situ hybridization. The expressions of Gal-1, -2 and -3 were observed in infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina by RT-PCR. The expressions of Gal-1, -2 and -3 were greater in the infundibulum and vagina, except for Gal-2 in the vagina. The signals of each Gal mRNA were identified in the basal cells of surface epithelium of vagina. These results suggested that antimicrobial peptide, Gal-1, -2 and -3 were expressed in the oviduct with a greater expression in the infundibulum and vagina, and surface epithelium were the major site for the synthesis of in the vagina.

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