The improvement rate of countermeasures adopted in constructing a second track on an embankment on soft ground is determined empirically due to unknown factors such as the deformation properties of soft ground. In this study, centrifuge model tests were performed to grasp the deformation properties of soft ground for such construction cases. Based on the test result, a new countermeasure was proposed, which has high horizontal support performance and combines deep mixing wall-type ground improvements and cement-mixed gravel. The proposed method having the same improvement rate as deep mixing was confirmed as being able to reduce the deformation of the embankment and the surrounding ground.

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We propose a new design methodology for 3Di (3D Internet). The designer should pay attention to 1. the visibility, 2. direct accessibility, and 3. spatialization of the target object. We have applied this methodology for producing and designing plenty of architectural and artistic space in 3Di. This paper explains the concept and concrete design methodology thorough applied artworks.

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いわゆる「気剤」の特質を解明する一連の研究の概要を述べる。ヒトによる検証は, 電子瞳孔計による評価, 酸素飽和度, 心拍変動による評価, PWV (Pulse Wave Velocity・脈波伝播速度) による評価, 腹部超音波法による評価, 遺伝子解析による評価の5項目について行なった。動物実験による検証は, 抗鬱モデルマウスによる評価, 抗不安モデルマウスによる評価をした。
代表的な気剤である香蘇散と半夏厚朴湯の作用機序の相違点は電子瞳孔計による評価によれば, 半夏厚朴湯は交感神経優位群について, 有意に交感神経の緊張を取る方向に働いていることが判った。一方, 香蘇散は副交感神経優位群において交感神経系を刺激する形でバランスを正常に近づけるように作用した。
酸素飽和度による検討では香蘇散によって, 精神活動の活性化や抑鬱傾向の改善は, 脳の組織酸素飽和度の上昇と関連しているのではないかということが示唆された。PWV (Pulse Wave Velocity・脈波伝播速度) による評価では半夏厚朴湯は, 主として交感神経の緊張を取ることによって, 血管の弾力が軟らかくなることが示唆された。腹部超音波法による評価では半夏厚朴湯は健常者では変化がないのに対して, FD患者では胃の排出能の回復, 下部消化管の腸管ガスの減少が判り, 半夏厚朴湯が腹満を治すことの一端を解明した。
遺伝子解析による評価では香蘇散証で服用前に発現が多く, 服用後に減る遺伝子として, 知覚関係や神経伝達物質関係, 神経筋シナプス形成, 特にアレルギー関係などは非常に強く出た。また, 香蘇散証で服用前に発現が少なく, 服用後に増える遺伝子として, ウイルスの感染や好中球のバクテリア貪食作用 (phagocytosis) ということで, ウイルスや細菌感染などに対する防御作用が香蘇散証にはあることが示唆された。
動物実験ではマイルドストレス負荷による鬱病モデルマウスを用いた結果として, 視床下部―下垂体―副腎系の機能がストレスによって異常亢進している場合に, 香蘇散はそれを抑制する。一方, ガラス玉隠し行動の評価により, 香蘇散が不安・強迫性障害に有効であることが判ったが, 鬱状態と不安に対して異なる作用機序を持つ可能性が示唆された。

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Manned Mars exploration at a large and long scale inevitably requires recycle of materials to support human life on a distant isolated outpost. A conceptual design is developed for Martian agricultural system based on biologically regenerative functions. Environment in a green house dome will be maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure with proper partial pressure of oxygen and other gas species. Photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide and water to oxygen and biomass is the major driving mechanism for habitation on Mars. Water recycle, at a quantity required for human life, can be made by respiration of plant leaves. It should fully utilize a solar energy received on the Martian　surface for the photosynthetic reaction. Sub-surface water and atmospheric carbon dioxide mined on Mars should be also associated with the plant cultination system. We selected rice, soybean, sweet potato, and green-yellow vegetable for the core food materials in space agriculture. From nutritional viewpoint, animal origin material should be supplemented to the diet with lipids, including cholesterol, vitamin D, and B12. Insect eating is proposed for the best use of the limited resource available for space agriculture. Silkworm and hawkmoth pupa are candidate for this purpose. Co-culture of rice, Azolla (aquatic fern), and loach fish is promising as well. One of the core technological functions in concept is hyper-ther-mophilic aerobic composting bacterial ecology. It plays a role of processing human metabolic waste and inedible biomass and of converting them to fertilizer for plants cultivation. One of the characteristics of the technology is the processing temperature high at 80-100℃. The quality of the compost has been shown essential to create a healthy regeberative system. In the materials recycle loop, handling of sodium, which is required for human physiology but negatively affects on ordinary plant growth, is another challenge in space agriculture. Cultivating salt accumulating plant species, such as ice plant, or harvesting potassium made by marine algae is promising candidate for this. Space agriculture, with our perspective from Japan and Asia, might be beneficial for solving the global problems of food shortage and loss of agricultural land at increasing human population.

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Seamless availability on applying to the problems of various types of simply and multiply connected domains is one of the key features of Amano’s method of numerical conformal mappings. We studied the application of the method for a doubly connected rectangular domain with a slit and obtain an approximation of the conformal mapping function which maps the domain onto the canonical annular domain. In the method the charge simulation method of complex logarithmic functions are used. Therefore, the premapping technique is necessary to open the slit for placing the charges outside the problem domain. In addition, we need arrangement of the charges well adapted to the corner singularity of the rectangle. We show, by a numerical example, the effectiveness of the method and a simple application on image processing.

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This paper describes the application result of the observer-based design method for the loop control of bullblock drawing machines. The salient features of this design method are that the disturbance observer is constructed as a constitutive control loop without a conventional PI control loop and the system design is accomplished in a more consistent way than the method which uses the disturbance observer in addition to the conventional control.

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The Karimantan in Indonesia has rich tropical forest and wetland, but recently it has been changed by forest fire and haphazard land development. It is the subject to understand the condition of these wetlands and find the appropriate way to develop them while protecting the natural environment.
The purpose of this study is to research the influence of human activities on the natural wetlands' water environment by determining the water quality in the Central Karimantan region. In the wetland, the water quality is an essential determining factor of environmental change, and it is strongly related to agriculture, drinking supply and ecosystem.
In this study, the three researched areas are along the Sebangau river. The water in each of these areas has specific characteristics which will be compared. The result shows that the natural area has a stable water condition through rainy and dry season, which means that the area has a high ability of buffering. On the other hand, the area which has the influence of human activities has the high concentration of phosphorus and inorganic nutrients. Also, the character of water outflow shows it has a lower ability of buffering.

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It succeeded in the development of the SPRING DRIVE-Chronograph that has the precision and continuation time equivalent to SPRING DRIVE even in at the time of Chronograph use, by the development of low load Chronograph structure.

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According to the recent roadmap of semiconductor fabrication, it is predicted that the semiconductor market will demand 70nm node devices from 2004 or 2005. ASET (Association of Super Advanced Electronics Technologies) started “The F₂ Laser Lithography Development Project” in March 2000, developing the ultra line-narrowed F₂ laser system for dioptric design exposure tools. The final target of this project is to achieve a F₂ laser spectral bandwidth of 0.2pm (FWHM) at a repetition rate of 5000Hz and an average power of 25W. In this work, we have developed an engineering laser system consisting of an oscillator laser and an amplifier. With this laser system, we have tested two arrangements: MOPA(Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) and Injection Locking. Locked time ranges for injection locking system and MOPA were 40ns and 10ns, respectively, with stable output energy. A spectral bandwidth of 0.2pm and an energy stability (3 σ) of less than 5% at a repetition rate of 1000Hz with an average power of 14W was achieved for injection locked operation.

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Acetal-poly(ethylene glycol)/poy[(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (acetal-PEG/ PAMA) block copolymer was prepared via an oxianionic polymerization technique, which was established by our laboratory. The acetal-end group was converted to an aldehyde group by an acidic hydrolysis reaction, followed by the installation of biotin moiety at the end of the PEG chain via a reductive amination reaction of biocytin hydrazide. The biotin-PEG/PAMA block copolymer thus prepared was mixed with CdSe/ZnS nano-particles (QD) in aqueous media. The obtained polymer-QD complex showed extremely high dispersion stability even in the physiological saline condition. The adsorbed biotin-PEG/PAMA block copolymer on the QD formed the tethered chain fashion on the surface to improve the dispersion stability by the steric factor of the tethered chains. Since the PEG chain end on the QD surface possessed biotin moiety, it could be utilized for not only immunohistochemistry but also various other biological applications.

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単気筒火花点火機関を用いて空気過剰率と筒内水噴射が筒内圧とヘッド側熱流束に与える影響を調べ，得られた結果を代表速度一定とするReとNuの関係として整理した．その結果，燃焼前は全ての条件にてReの0.8乗となる同一の直線に一致するが，燃焼後は直線の傾きは空気過剰率と水噴射の影響を受けることが分かった．

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Currently, the extension of life span of concrete structure is urgently needed. Therefore, it is important to predict the future deterioration of the concrete structure. The deterioration accompanied with alkali-silica reaction is one of the factors associated with durability. Generally, the aggregate expansion which is caused by the alkali-silica reaction brings about cracking, and the crack may decrease the durability with changing the mechanical properties of the concrete structure. Though there are a number of researches on alkali-silica reaction, the deterioration prediction under complex stress condition such as pre-stressed concrete is not well discussed. In this study, the degradation model for pre-stressed concrete structure is proposed and the validity of the model is examined through the comparison with exposure test of alkali-silica reaction using a pre-stressed concrete.

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Characteristics of oxide inclusions in steel weld metals with varying acicular ferrite (AF) fractions, which were produced by gas metal arc welding using controlled CO2 (10%, 30%, and 50%) and titanium contents (by placing ultra-fine Ti wire), were statistically investigated. The correlation between identified phases in the oxide inclusions and AF formation was discussed from the viewpoint of AF formation mechanism. For high AF fraction samples, we confirmed that all oxide inclusions include Mn-Si-Al-Ti-O amorphous phases. By contrast, an amorphous phase was never observed for low AF fraction samples. Additionally, we confirmed that a few of the amorphous oxides created a Mn-depleted zone (MDZ), which suggested that the MDZ formed by Mn-Si-Al-Ti-O amorphous phase stimulates AF formation.

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Vasodilator effects of Soy Isoflavone Fermentation Products.

Shingo Yamazaki^1),3),4) Eriko Matsumoto¹⁾ Tatsuki Matsumoto¹⁾ Ayu Ohotsuka¹⁾

Kanda¹⁾　Hisako Kaneda¹⁾ Noriyasu Sasaki²⁾ Takeharu Kaneda^1),3)

1) Dept. Veterinary Pharmacol. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science Univ. 2) Dept. Veterinary Biochemistry. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science Univ.3) Dept. Grad. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science Univ. 4) Dept. Aeonpet.Co.LTD.

It has been reported that isoflavones induced vasorelaxation. However, the effects of hydroxylated isoflavones in vasoconstriction remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by soy IF yeast fermented product (soyF) containing hydroxylated isoflavones in rat aorta. 1) SoyF inhibited KCl and phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. However, these relaxations were not difference between endothelium-intact or -denuted aorta. The inhibitory effect was stronger in PE-induced contraction than that of KCl-induced contraction. 2) Moreover, soyF significantly inhibited U46619-induced contraction and PDBu-induced contraction in Ca-free PSS. 3) Pretreatment with SQ22536, but not ODQ, significantly reduced soyF-evoked inhibition of PE-induced contraction. 4) Forskolin inhibited PE-induced contraction, and pretreatment with soyF significantly enhanced the vasorelaxation of forskolin. 6) SoyF significantly increased cAMP levels. Moreover, higher cAMP levels were obtained with soyF plus forskolin treatment than the total cAMP levels obtained with separate soyF and forskolin treatments. In conclusion, these results suggested that soyF-induced vasorelaxation related to inhibition of contractile element by partly increasing cAMP level via phosphodiesterase inhibition.

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　This paper presents the principle, characteristics and its analysis for bone conduction speaker. Bone conduction speaker has used under the sound noise, openable ear environment or by impaired hearing people because it is able to send the sound vibration directly to ear through the bone. In this article, introduce the 2 type of bone conduction speaker, then it is mentioned its analysis and results.

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