Some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae form a biofilm called a “flor” on the surface of wine after ethanolic fermentation, but the molecular mechanism of flor formation by the wild-type flor strain involved in wine making is not clear. Previously, we found that expression of the C-terminally truncated form of NRG1 (NRG1^1-470) on a multicopy plasmid increases the hydrophobicity of the cell surface, conferring flor formation on the non-flor laboratory strain. Here we show that in Ar5-H12, a wild-type flor haploid strain, flor formation is regulated by NRG1^1-470. Moreover, the disruptant of the wild-type flor diploid strain (Δflo11/Δflo11) show a weak ability to form the flor. The expression of FLO11 is always high in the wild-type flor strain, regardless of carbon source. Thus FLO11 is primary factor for wild-type flor strains. Furthermore, the disruptant (Δflo11) shows lower hydrophobicity of cell surface than the wild type. However, the hydrophobicity of the wild-type flor strains grown in ethanol medium was much higher than those grown in glucose medium. These results indicate that cell surface hydrophobicity is closely related to flor formation in wild-type flor yeasts.

抄録全体を表示

A cavitating jet is a useful tool for the practical application of cavitation. Cavitation impact arises when bubbles collapse and can be utilized to modify the surfaces of materials as an alternative to shot peening. Peening methods using cavitation impact are called “cavitation peening” or “cavitation shotless peening”, as shot is not required. In cavitation peening, cavitation is generated by injecting a high-speed water jet into water, i.e., a cavitating jet. In practical applications, it is very important to maximize the aggressive strength of the jet. In the present paper, in order to do this, the outlet geometry of the nozzle of a cavitating jet was optimized. High-speed observations were carried out to investigate any instability in the jet. The introduction of compressive residual stress into stainless steel was demonstrated to show the effect of cavitation peening. Scaling- and velocity-effects, i.e., the effect of the injection pressure, at the nozzle throat was also examined. It was shown that a large cavitating jet at low injection pressure was more aggressive than a small jet at high injection pressure, for the same power.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, the methods of predicting thermal comfort in car cabin were suggested. The purpose is to improve prediction of local physiological response under non-uniform and transient conditions. Then, the experiment using subjects in car cabin was done in the laboratory. Moreover, the simulation was done by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), numerical thermoregulation model and thermal manikin model. The CFD combined with the numerical thermoregulation model JOS. As a result, the simulated thermal environment in car cabin accorded well with the results of actual measurement. The physiological responses predicted by thermal manikin model and JOS was considered validity. Therefore, the method is considered to adapt to non-uniform thermal environment.

抄録全体を表示

 We developed and validated artificial neural networks (ANNs) to map the streamflow characteristics in the most upstream basins throughout Japan. The ANNs output mean annual runoff height (QMEAN) and percentiles of daily streamflow, including nine different groups, by inputting basin characteristics, including climate, land use, soils, geology, and topography. The generalization performances of the ANNs showed R² = 0.70 in the QMEAN and R² = 0.20 – 0.74 in the streamflow percentiles. We succeeded in mapping the streamflow characteristics in the most upstream basins throughout Japan, which reflected the rainfall and snowfall characteristics in the country. The streamflow characteristic maps revealed that developing run-of-river hydropower stations in heavy snowfall areas, such as the Tohoku and Hokuriku regions facing the Sea of Japan, is suitable.

抄録全体を表示

The impedance and phase characteristic of a magnetic thin film changes when a magnetic field is applied. The high-frequency-carrier magnetic field sensor, also called a GMI sensor, employs this phenomenon as its principle. We directed our attention to the change in the phase characteristic, and measured the dc magnetic field by measuring the phase as a phase difference, using the dual-mixer time-difference method. We optimized the method and the continuous sampling condition to measure the phase difference, and developed an efficient system for measuring the continuous sampling phase difference with low noise. The system was successfully used to measure the ac magnetic field by continuous sampling of the phase difference of a high-frequency-carrier magnetic field sensor.

抄録全体を表示

　本研究は日本の最上流域における流量特性マップを作製するために，ニューラルネットワーク(ANN)を利用した流況推定手法の構築と精度検証を実施した．ANNの出力値を年平均流出高(QMEAN)と9種類の日流出高のパーセンタイルとし，入力値を気象，土地利用，地質，土壌および地形に関する流域特性指標とした．ANNの汎化性能はQMEANにおいてR²=0.70を示し，9種類の日流出高のパーセンタイルにおいてR²=0.20~0.74の範囲を示した．本研究は日本の最上流域を対象とした流量特性マップの作製に成功し，日本の降雨および降雪特性を反映していることを確認した．流量特性マップの結果から，流れ込み式水力発電所開発には東北・北陸地方の日本海側の豪雪地域が適していることが明らかとなった．

抄録全体を表示

　本研究では日本の未観測流域を対象として，ニューラルネットワークを利用した流況推定手法の構築と精度検証を実施した．ネットワークの出力値を年流出高Q_year，豊水流出高Q_95d，平水流出高Q_185d，低水流出高Q_275dおよび渇水流出高Q_355dから成る5つの流況指標とし，入力値を気象，土地利用，地質・土壌および地形に関する25種類の流域特性指標とした．流況推定精度は，Q_yearにおいて最も高く(R² = 0.76)，Q_355dにおいて最も低かった(R² = 0.45)．更なる流況推定精度の改善には，学習データ数の増加と，地形・土壌・地質・土地利用に関する流域特性指標の精査が必要であることを確認した．加えて，Q_355dの推定精度は，流況指標の中で最も学習データ数に対して感度が高いことを見出した．

抄録全体を表示

3位にジュウテリウムをもつ長鎖塩基の合成については既に報告があるが, 2位にジュウテリウムをもつ化合物の報告はない。そこで本報では, 2位にジュウテリウムをもつDL-threo- 及び DL-erythro-2-d-C₁₄-ジヒドロスフィンゴシン [threo- (1) 及び erythro- (1)] の合成法について研究を行った。aci-2-ニトロ-1, 3-テトラデカンジオールを酢酸-O-d中で接触還元すると2-アミノ-2-d-1, 3-テトラデカンジオール (1) が得られた。 (1) のN, O, O-トリアセチル体 (2) 及びN-アセチル体 (3) を分別結晶すると, threo/erythroの分離ができ, これを更に加水分解して目的のthreo- (1) 及びerythro- (1) を得た。threo- (1) 及びerythro- (1) の構造, ジュウテリウム含量の決定は質量分析から行った。

抄録全体を表示

We show an attempt of analyzing the distributions of transition moments of fluorophores in thin films. At a certain excitation wavelength, fluorophores can be excited with polarized light of different transition probabilities which are dependent on the direction of the transition moment. We compared emission bands of some pyridine-containing polymer films with varying the polarization angle of the polarizer and/or analyzer. The polarization angle dependence of these emission bands appeared to be different for different types of emission bands, and the distributions of the transition moments were discussed.

抄録全体を表示