電子メールは新しい通信媒体として広く使用されるようになってきた. 本稿ではインターネットで使用されている電子メールの技術的側面と産業医科大学における電子メールサービスの運用について報告する.

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A set of spherical harmonic models describing the Earth's main magnetic field from 1965 to 1985 has been developed and is proposed as the next revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). A tenth degree and order spherical harmonic model of the main field was derived from Magsat data. A series of eighth degree and order spherical harmonic models of the secular variation of the main field was derived from magnetic observatory annual mean values. Models of the main field at 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 were obtained by extrapolating the main-field model using the secular variation models.

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The Japan had been published in Yokohama foreign settlement as one of three leading English newspapers in Meiji Era (1880s).
In the summer of 1885, the review appreciating the book titled “A System of Iron Railroad Bridge for Japan” was appeared in the . This book, written by Prof.Waddell of Tokyo Univ., newly recommended American Bridge against English one which had been adopted in Japan, and it is this book that caused this bridge controversy.
American correspondents criticized three great dangers (washout, destruction by wind and derailment) involved in English Bridge, as well as too shallow depth and great secondary strain. British correspondents, responding above, criticized the lack of stability and permanence of the light and cheap American Bridge.
In this paper, this bridge controversy in the is summarized in Table 1, and some historical opinions are examined through the letters in this bridge controversy.
The first is on the Designer of bridges which are imported from England. It is interesting that G. Pole, son of W. Pole, declared in his letter that only 2-kinds of 100ft spans were designed by W. Pole, though every English bridges in those period have been believed to be designed by W. Pole. The second is on the increase of span during Meiji Era. Initially on 1874, 70ft spans were imported from England, which were followed by 100ft in 1876, and after a pause of years, in 1886, they developped to 200ft. These process are confirmed through the letters in this controversy. But, concerning the bridges imported from America for Poronai Railway in Hokkaido, there is a discrepancy between the and common opinion.

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This paper discusses the benefits of one-on-one e- correspondence between language learner and teacher focusing on motivational development, belief changes, and writing ability. After three months of e- correspondence with their teacher the participants became intrinsically rather than extrinsically motivated and improved the fluency of their writing as welL Additional benefits that a teacher receives from e- correspondences with students are also clarified.

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産業医科大学における電子メールの利用状況を分析した. その結果, 以下のことが明らかになった. 1）電子メールを送信したユーザは月ごとに増加し, 調査期間中の最終月は170人であった. 2）通信回数も月ごとに増加傾向が認められた. 全体の通信回数は「学外から学内」が最も多かった. 3）ドメイン別通信先は「学内から学外」については大学, 研究機関および個人ユーザを対象とした商用パソコン通信会社への通信が多く, 「学外から学内」は主に海外ドメインからの通信が多かった. 4）電子メールの大きさは1Kバイト未満の電子メールが大半であったが, 10Mバイトくらいの極端に大きなものも含まれており, これらは他組織に迷惑をかける可能性があるため問題である.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine -coach services during the British Industrial Revolution and to consider their role in the integration of regional economies. The first section of the paper investigates postal services before the introduction of coaches in 1784. Since the end of the 17th century, when a wider market began to emerge, the post had been playing an important role in transmitting business correspondence and bills to distant places, thus enabling companies to expand the sphere of their activities nationwide. The quality of postal services was, however, quite poor because their operations were monopolized by the government. The second section of the paper examines the development of the -coach network and changes in postal services. Examination of manuscripts of the General Post Office and commercial directories indicate that a close-knit and extensive network was established by the 1820s and that speed, reliability, and safety of the postal services were substantially improved. In conclusion, the significance of -coach services was that by transmitting intelligence and money, difficulties posed by time and distance were overcome and the basis for the integration of regional economies was formed. It is noteworthy that the growth of the banking system paralleled the development of -coach services. coaches also helped the social and cultural integration of regions as a medium for communication.

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近年のインターネットの普及により電子メールによる情報交換を行う機会は, ますます増える一方である。本稿では電子メールにおいて内容の漏洩を防ぐための暗号化,発信者の確認(認証) と内容の改ざんを防ぐための電子署名について述べる。最初に,基礎となる暗号化手法を簡単に説明した後,電子メールでの暗号・電子署名の必要性と実現方法について述べる。最後に,実際の暗号化電子メールシステムの例としてインターネット標準仕様として提唱されているPEM (Privacy Enhanced )の実現と暗号・認証ソフトウェアとしてインターネット上で普及しているPGP (Pretty Good Privacy)ソフトウェアを紹介する。

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Spam management in universities differs from that in enterprises having uniform and strict network policy, and requires the guarantee of a free policy of environment. In this paper, we report on the findings from the operation experiment of adopted spam filtering based on the volunteer application of users to the management. In particular, management of the electronic (email) delivery delay problem is picked up under the consideration of the state of the email usage in our university. We also discuss an ideal method of the spam filtering in universities and in research institutes under the free policy of environment.

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Fourteen new bisnor- and norditerpene dilactones, makilactones E—R, having a 7α : 8α-epoxy-9,11-enolide substructure, were isolated from a methanolic extract of the root and the bark of Podocarpus macrophyllus D. DON (Podocarpaceae) with thirteen known bisnor- and norditerpenoids, and the structures of those new bisnor- and norditerpenoids were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic studies. Of the thirteen known ones isolated, the structures of two, i.e., podolactone B and inumakilactone B, were revised on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic analysis. Many of the compounds of this type isolated in this study showed potent cytotoxic activities against P388 murine leukemia cells.

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We report the results of a randomized experiment conducted in Japan as part of a

survey of voters. In this experiment, we examined whether or not inserting a pen in the questionnaire would improve the response rate. We employed a two-by-two treatment in which we varied the price of the pen (high-priced or low-priced) and whether or not the pen was inserted in a paper-made box. We found that providing a pen increased the response rate by more than nine percentage points. We also found that a low-priced pen inserted in a box was more effective than other condisions. However, the effect of the high-priced pen was not statistically distinguishable from that of the low-priced one.

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Molecule possessing ankyrin-repeats induced by lipopolysaccharide (), a recently cloned nuclear IκB protein induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in lymphoid organs, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The present in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the distinct expression of the mRNA and protein in B-lymphocytes of the white pulp of the spleen and cortical lymphoid follicles of lymph nodes in LPS-injected mice. signals were also localized in F4/80-positive macrophages in these organs. LPS clearly induced expression in cultured B-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, but only faintly so in T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. was also induced by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and -6, and tumor necrosis factor in cultured cells. Northern blot, Western blot, and in situ hybridization analyses showed that the major expression product of the gene was a long splicing variant (-L) rather than a short one, both in lymphoid organs and cultured cells. These results collectively indicate that LPS induces -L predominantly in B-lymphocytes and macrophages.

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terminal "me-tel" by which the PHS infrastructure was used was developed. The of a hand-written character and the illustration (color) and the of the text can be easily made for the feature of this "me-tel". Moreover, because the PHS module is built into, can be transmitted and received without connecting telecommunications equipment.

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In this paper we present a virtual reality (VR-) system to support asynchronous collaborations in virtual environments. In the asynchronous collaboration, efficient handing off of messages to participants in different places and time is crucial. We try to support this type of collaborations by combining speech and gesture in a message. The message is explained by a messenger avatar whose gesture and speech are recorded by a sender of the message in the virtual environment. A prototype VR- system has been developed and tested in the CAVE・. User tests showed that interactive nature of the VR- could help understanding of the receiver of the VR-.

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This study involved the effectiveness of e- counseling based on empirical evidence and experimental data. The setting for this study was in counseling for "school-refusal" students using e- instead of face-to-face communication. During a period of five months, five school-refusal students wrote messages to counselors using e-. The findings of this small case study are as follows : (1) E- counseling will be effective in promoting communication of school-refusal students. (2) E- will work as an effective tool and environment for a school-refusal student, who feels great difficulty in face-to-face communication. (3) The amount of e- sent and received from students themselves has a close connection to improving the level of school-refusal. (4) E- containing students intentions and counselor's praise are important for improving students minds and attitudes. And, (5) Partners such as parents, classroom teacher and family members other than counselor play the important role in improving school-refusal.

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To evaluate the feasibility of questionnaire for eidemiological studies in general population in Japan, we mailed six types of questionnaires which differed in lengths and topics to male residents drawn from a telephone directory of Gifu City in Japan. Those who were allotted to the shortest questionnaire and not responded after the initial mailing were assessed by followup processes with a second and a personal contact by telephone. We classified the subjects as early (on the first mailing) and late (on the second mailing) respondents, and nonrespondents (respondents to telephone interview), and compared histories of cigarette smoking and drinking, and environmental exposure to solvents among these three groups. The response rates after the first mailing ranged from 32-54% across the six types of questionnaires. Although somewhat lower response rates were noted for the longer questionnaires, there were no significant differences in the response rates by type of questionnaire. Although the second mailing increased the response rate to nearly 70%, there was a evidence of non-response bias. Cigarette smokers and drinkers were more likely to be the nonrespondents. J Epidemiol, 1995; 5 : 81-85.

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The role of the World Wide Web in English education is increasing significantly. As a result, a collaborative learning environment where students are cast in the role of both student and teacher has developed. This paper reports on a study that examined the cultural dimension of e- correspondence between Japanese junior college students and their fellow correspondents throughout the world. In this keypal project, students identified their own keypals who shared similar interests and were free to converse about any topic. The instructor's role was to answer student's questions, as opposed to correcting their errors. It should be noted that student's questions were asked and answered in English using a class email list provided by the instructor as part of the course environment. The students shared cultural information they learned from their keypals with their classmates using the list. At the end of the course, the students were required to write a report describing cultural information learned from their keypals and reflect on their overall experience. The instructor evaluated student performance based on a student's commitment to the project as expressed in their effort to communicate with their keypals in English. It can be concluded from the study that the keypal project served as a stimulus to better cross-cultural understanding. In addition, it is evident that the class e- list multiplied the effect of this experience by placing students in the role of educating others about their cross-cultural experiences.

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We have developed a simple e- application named Seemit which is designed for being used in information literacy courses. It has necessary and sufficient functionality of an e- application, and it has been developed for the purpose of learning basic operations and mechanisms of e- transfer easily. It is equipped with the function to automatically set the configuration of user's SMTP/POP servers and e- address, etc. The process of transferring e- via SMTP and POP can be demonstrated step by step showing actual messages passed during the client-server interaction. We have utilized Seemit in a university-wide information literacy course which holds about 1800 students.

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