The

date of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sensitive to photoperiod, which varies with latitude and growing seasons. The group (MG) system, composed of 13 MGs, is a major approach in characterizing varieties’ ecological properties and adaptable areas. A total of 512 world soybean varieties, including 48 MG checks, were tested at a major site (Nanjing, 32.04°N) with portions tested in supplementary sites (Heihe, 50.22°N; Mudanjiang, 44.60°N; Jining, 35.38°N and Nanning, 22.84°N) in China to explore the worldwide MG distribution. The date of the world soybean varied greatly (75–201 d) in Nanjing. Along with soybeans disseminated to new areas, the MGs further expanded during the last 70 years from MG I–VII to the early MG 0–000 in the north continents and to the late MG VIII–X in the south continents with the growth period structure differentiated into two subgroups in each MG 0–VIII except V. The cluster analysis among MGs and subgroups using genome-wide markers validated the MG sequential emergence order and the subgroup differentiation in eight MGs. For future evaluation, in addition to one major site (Nanjing), one supplementary southern site (Nanning) and one supplementary northern site (Heihe) are sufficient.

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コンクリート構造物の建設工事において, コンクリート打設後の早期材齢における強度を適切に把握することは, 型枠・支保工の取り外し時期の決定など施工の工程管理の点から非常に重要である. 本研究は早期材齢での圧縮強度を精度良く推定することを目的として, これまでにコンクリートの強度推定方法に用いられている積算温度とアレニウス式による等価材齢および4種類の圧縮強度の成長曲線を取り上げて, それらの適用性を本研究で実施した3水準の一定温度で養生されたコンクリートの強度試験結果を用いて検討した. そして, 本研究で提案した強度推定式の有用性を温度管理されていない条件下のレディーミクストコンクリートの圧縮強度を推定することにより検討した.

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Days from full to combine harvest (DFC) is a major concern in combine harvesting of soybeans (Glycine max (L.)), especially in northern Japan, which has a short harvesting period. The combine harvest , which was defined as the day at which the moisture content of the stem reached 30%, was analyzed using 7 soybean varieties for 3 yr in Hokkaido. There were significant differences in DFC among varieties (12 to 31 d) and among the 3 yr (16 to 25 d). DFC was closely associated with dry matter partitioning to stem (DMPS) at full , that is, high DMPS increased DFC. The relationship between DMPS and DFC was examined by pod removal experiments conducted for 2 yr. In the soybean plants with high DMPS pod removal increased the stem desiccation period and DFC. These results indicated that DMPS at full is an informative indicator for predicting the harvest in the combine harvesting system.

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A study was conducted to analyze the height growth velocity curve based upon the rate. Ninety-eight longitudinal data points for height (for subjects aged 6 to 17 years) were obtained retrospectively from health examination records in 1983. Growth distance and growth velocity curves of each individual were described by the wavelet interpolation method, and PHV age was determined with the described graph using computer simulation. We classified the growth velocity curve by the rate approximated according to the PHV age. As a result, it was shown that the after-growth spurt in early and somewhat early type appeared more than in the average and somewhat late types, and that conversely, the mid-growth spurt in the late and somewhat late types appeared more than in the early and somewhat early types. Specifically, it was demonstrated that two mid-growth spurts appeared in the late and somewhat late types.

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This paper examined the possibility of applying the water temperature control on seedling production of urchins. The experiment was conducted from May to November 2001 in order to evaluate the effects of lowering seawater temperature in summer, on the promotion of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). Sea urchins were collected by scuba diving on the west coast of Hokkaido, Japan. They were then grouped into control group and experimental group. Sea urchins in experimental group were reared in cooled sea water below 18°C, while other urchins in control group were placed in ambient sea water. The comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of water temperature control between two groups. The change of gonad index (GI) prior to spawning was almost the same among urchins in both groups. However, urchins in experimental group showed early spawning by a month as is shown for decrease in GI and appearance of urchin in the spent stage (V) in September, comparing to urchins in control group. Although the result of our experiment did not show positive effects of lowering seawater temperature on the promotion, it implied that lowering water temperature in summer contributed to inhibit a delay of spawning, and stabilized seedling production process of sea urchins.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the neural correlates of psychosocial during understanding others from the viewpoint of self. In psychology, ego identity is one of the most famous theories for psychosocial . Those who have established ego identity have a definite purpose for one's life and an ability of goal directed behavior. We assumed that such a psychosocial is related to the ability to distinguish others from self when one understands the others. We used an fMRI technique to identify cortical regions where activity during understanding others' decision-making is correlated with personality . We measured subjects' personality using the Rasmussen's Ego Identity Scale. There were three conditions, S, F and G which were perspective taking conditions for inferring self, best friend and people in general's decision-making, respectively. Differential activation of both the contrasts F-S and G-S was significantly correlated with the ego identity scale in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). The results indicate that the activity of the left LPFC is related to psychosocial when understanding others from the viewpoint of self. We suggest that psychosocial is related to the development of the executive function which is supported by the left LPFC. [J Physiol Sci. 2008;58 Suppl:S30]

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This work aims to study the influence of olive fruit

on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity which determine the quality of virgin olive oils (VOO). According to the results, the values of all parameters were within the range specified by the Codex Alimentarius (2017). With the increase of fruit , the oil content continued to increase until reached the maximum value (20.05%) in the 7th (M7). K₂₃₂, K₂₇₀ and peroxide value (PV) decreased with the increase of , while ΔK increased linearly with the increase of . Free fatty acidity (FFA) first decreased and then increased, until reached the maximum value of (0.52 ± 0.03) % in M7. The total polyphenols (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) that characterized the antioxidant properties of olive oil increased with the increase of fruit , which indicated that the oxidative stability (OS) of VOO of ‘Cornicabra’ increased with the increase of fruit . The oleic acid (C18:1) content remained above 70 % and reached the maximum of (76.68 ± 0.17) % at M7. The values of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) / polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and oleic acid (C18:1) / linoleic acid (C18:2) showed a decreasing trend with the stage. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the quality of FFA, PV, K₂₃₂, K₂₇₀, TP, TF and OS were higher at the 5th (M5), the quality of fatty acid were higher at M7. It can be seen from the analysis that the olive fruit was an important parameter to characterize and distinguish olive oil.

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Since 1972, the catch of flatfish in Suõ-Nada decreased dramatically, and the catch in 1984 was only 52% of that in 1972.
This paper presents the biological parameters for stock assessment for Japanese flounder in Suõ-Nada, that is, age and body length at sexual , main spawning season, rate by age, and evaluation of the degree of sexual which were mainly based on the data from 1980 to 1985.
The combination of factor [10³×gonad weight(g)/body weight without internal organs(g)] and observation of gonads by the naked eye can be applied to expedient judgement of sexual for a large number of specimens. factor and mean body length at 50% sexual were 10.0 in both sexes and 13.5cm in females and 12.0cm in males, respectively.The peak of the spawning season was the middle of December. The mean rate was as follows:at age 0, 1, 2, over 3 years, it was 20, 70, 90, 100% for females and 20, 95, 95, 100% for males.

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Studies on the and spawning season as the biological parameters of finespotted flounder Pleuronichthys cornutus in Suõ-Nada of Seto Inland Sea were not established yet.
Based on the seasonal change of the factor and results of the observation of gonads by the naked eye, evaluation of the degree of sexual , main spawning season, body length and age at 50% sexual were over 1.0 in both sexes, 11.0cm in females and 9.0cm in males respectively. Each age at 50% sexual at age 0, 1, 2, 3 over 4 years was 70, 90, 100, 100% in females and 90, 95, 100, 100, 100% in males, respectively.
Main spawning season was the beginning of November.
The duration of of male finespotted flounder is longer than that of female
The beginning of the period of of aged individuals was earlier than younger ones.

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Objective: For nursing students, career

–an individual’s readiness to cope with career development tasks and make age-appropriate career decisions– is an essential factor influencing their desire to continue the job after qualifying as a nurse. Although job security as motivation to become a nurse might influence the career of nursing students, it has not been demonstrated. In this study I aimed to elucidate the correlation between job security as motivation and career among Japanese nursing students.

Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in 2012, through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire, on 237 Japanese nursing students. Data on career

, job security as motivation, and personal characteristics were collected followed by data analysis using multiple regression.

Results: Job security as motivation (“A nursing job is not affected by the economic climate”) was significantly correlated with career

(β = −0.29; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that being motivated by job security negatively affects career

. Hence, at an early stage, basic nursing educators should identify nursing students with low career by assessing whether they are motivated by job security, and if so, efficiently providing support to improve their career .

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1) ドブネズミ雄の性成熟は,体重84~95g,体長14.3~16.6cm,精巣重量0.3~0.4g,同長径1.1~1.3mの頃からはじまる。クマネズミではドブネズミよりも少くて,各々について71~87g,13.0cm,0.4g,1.3cmの頃にはじまる。ラツトでは同じく50~90g, 13.7~14.3cm, 0.3~0.4g,1.2~1.3cmの頃に開始され,ドブネズミよりも少い。
2)体重と精巣重量との関係では,体重に比した精巣重量はクマネズミ最も多く,ラツト之に次ぎ,ドブネズミが最も少い。
3)ドブネズミ雌の性成熟は体重73~128g,体長14.7~17.8cmからはじまる。クマネズミでは夫々65~107gと12.7~15.9cmからはじまり,ラツトでは各々74~92g,13.7~15.4cmからでドブネズミよりも少い。
4)雄雌における之等性成熟における諸差異は,ドブネズミとクマネズミでは種的差異によるものであり,ドブネズミとラツトでは環境並に栄養条件等の差によるものと考える。

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One method of determining a person’s biological

involves evaluating their bone . Differences in physical abilities among athletes during the growth period are thought to be strongly influenced by differences in bone . Thus, it is necessary to understand biological when selecting athletes. Accordingly, this study looks at the biological of young Japanese soccer players in the Japan Professional Soccer League. In total, subjects included 282 male soccer players (mean age, 12.4 ± 0.7 years; mean height, 154.0 ± 9.1 cm) in the J-League Academy, 2007–2012. Results show that the TW2-RUS method (Japan) revealed no significant difference (t = 1.012, df = 277, ns); however, the TW3-RUS method revealed a significant difference (t = -4.075, df = 281, p < 0.05) for chronological age vs skeletal age in t-test. The breakdown of biological according to the TW2-RUS method (Japan) was as follows: mature, 3 persons; early maturing, 45 persons; average, 196 persons; and late maturing, 38 persons. The breakdown of biological according to the TW3-RUS method was as follows: mature, 3 persons; early maturing, 53 persons; average, 132 persons; and late maturing, 94 persons. The chi-square test revealed a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the TW2-RUS method (Japan) and the TW3-RUS method. Our results suggest that it is appropriate to use the TW2-RUS method (Japan) to evaluate skeletal age. With regard to biological , contrary to prior research in Europe and America, a high proportion of our athletes had average biological .

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In this study, the relationship between the skin color measured by the L*a*b* color system and the of Japanese pear (Housui) was clarified. The parameters of were mass, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, volume, and sugar content of fruit. The skin color and color charts were measured with a color meter of a D₆₅ standard light source (color temperature is 6504K). All samples were classified into unripe (20 samples), ripe (30 samples), and over ripe (20 samples).
From the measurement of color chart, the value of a*, b*, and L* increased with . It shows that the skin color changes from dark green to light reddish green with .
From the analysis of skin color, there is a difference between every 2 with 1% significance as for the value of a* and b*, but there is no difference of L*.
According to the correlation analysis between the sugar content and the other parameters, the value of b* of skin color has a highly correlation to the sugar content with 1% significance. Thus, it is able to select the of Japanese pear by the value of b* of skin color.

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