Long before reaching its mechanical breaking point, a bio-system begins responding to stress at its own “bio-functional breaking point,” a phase of life activity dysfunction. However, little is known about the correlation between tissue flexibility and the conditions under which cellular response, damage, and death occur. We are now developing a new confocal microscopy-based observation method to analyze cell aggregates (spheroids) that are under physical pressure. The method concomitantly assesses cellular responses, stress levels, and cellular structure changes. Using this method, we found that the artificial suppression of the gene expression of fibronectin, a major component of the extracellular matrix, provides different mechanical characteristics to hepatoma-derived cell line spheroids than does the control wild type. This study may aid in the prediction of the characteristics of a tissue of interest by simply analyzing the tissue gene expression pattern, providing valuable information for the development and operation of wearable devices. It may also help in the preparation of custom devices that suit specific individuals.

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We need to move toward a sense that community building let the living values of residents grow up through the common and three types of ecology (environmental, social and spritual). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, the community design contest held in Setagaya ward and Minamata city from this view of value. Through community design contest the activities for the community building and various expressions of living environment by picture maps and so on were presented. Residents expressed their various living values for examples, learning with pleasure, existence with nature, soft environmental management and so on. And it was ascertained that picture map is effective means for fostering living values of residents.

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Orthopedic implants are widely used to fix a bone or to replace the articulating surface of a joint. Implant surgeries are performed only by highly specialized and trained surgeons. It is quite important to develop a technique that can bond bone and implant materials directly. Laser processing with high energy density is an effective tool for bonding different materials in a very short time with a high positional accuracy. In this study, to investigate the possibility of laser bonding living bones and bioceramics, an in-vitro laser processing technique was developed for bonding a bovine cortical bone specimen with a ceramics composed of synthetic tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-glass (TG ceramics). By irradiating the surface of the bone specimen with a laser beam, a microporous foam-like substance was generated that bonded the bone specimen with the TG ceramics in a manner similar to spot welding. The bonding strength was defined as the shear stress between the interface of the bone specimen and the ceramics specimen. It was found that the strength of the bond increased with an increase in the duration of laser irradiation.

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Since remoted islands have various restrictions, it is very difficult to have the same life conditions as a mainland. This research aims at proposing the network intensive method by building the relation compensated mutually with the island which approached. The object of research was considered as the group of islands. The core island used as the reference point of a network was defined from evaluation of the degree of fullness of each institution and the analysis result by the gravity model which asks for the number of expected population flow. By arranging a city-function, without destroying the present living environment, it was enabled to propose the local promotion measure in which the peculiar nature of each island was respected.

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Electrical resistance of dissected-mass (skin, muscle membrane and muscle together) in rabbit was examined by using the electro-dermometer.
According to the decrease of the body fluid, electrical resistance of tissues gradually increases for 24, 48 and 72 hours after the dissection, but its increasing value is slight contrary to my expectation.
The skin, of course, electrical highest resistance. But when the electric positive pole puts on the skin side and the negative on the subctaneous, and the electric current sents, the electric dermal points can be proved within the skin. And inversely when the positive on the subcutaneous side and the negative on the skin, it can also be proved the electric dermal points.
The electro-dermal points of the skin show low-resistance, but, in spite of the decrease of the resistance as the applied time of the electrode goes on, remain slight resistance as that of muscle membrane. The electrical resistance between two endings of a blood-vessel shows retarded electric reaction, accompanied with a roar, whose value of the micrometer reaches highest in time. The electro-dermal point like this is often seen clinically and is, similar to the so-called thunder-point after Dr. K. Nanajo.
But if the electric current sents from an ending of a nerve trunk to that of another, the rapid electro-reaction without a sound appears : the same as electrodermal point, so-called silent-point after Dr. K. Nanajo.
In the case of a nerve trunk and two blood-vesels running parallel to it, appears the rapid electric reaction with a roar.
In clinical practice the thunder-point proved mainly on red papulae and silent-one on white.
From the fact above mentioned, I presume that the thunder- in body may originate from the changes of vascular-papulae and the silent-point from that of nerve papulae.

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Experimental Method
1. 33 patients suffering from obesity and desiring to try Auriculotherapy were the subjects for this experiment.
2. The treatment points were as follows: the stomach point, the mouth point, the cardiac point, the esophagus point, and the inanition point. In the stomach , a needle was inserted and fixed.
3. The frequency of treatment was once or twice a week.
Experimental Results
1. 14 of the patients (42 per cent) showed loss in weight. Those showing no change in weight were 19 (58 per cent).
2. The length of the experiment was from one to three months. The largest group of patients showing weight reduction lost from 2kg to 3kg. The most lost by any patient was 10kg. In one case, however, a patient gained 2kg.
Conclusion
For weight reduction of obese patients, the results of this experiment cannot be considered positive. However, much benefit to problems directly relating to obesity, for instance, hypertension and arthritis, was derived. The effect of the treatment was connected closely with the individual physical constitution of each patient. It cannot be said, certainly, that every patient benefited from the treatment. This treatment is not for cosmetic or beauty purposes, but is effective for maintaining health and protecting against illness.

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クワの芽の連続凍結実験において, その氷点を熱電対を用いて測定した結果, 生組織の氷点の季節的変化は生体膠質結合水と死組織氷点との季節的変化によることを前報2)で明らかにした. 死組織氷点から計算された浸透価の季節的変化は, 5月から9月までは, 含水量と溶質比との両方の変化によるものと考えられる. しかし, 9月から翌春の4月までは含水量が殆んど一定であるから, 浸透価の季節的変化は溶質比の変化にのみ依存し, 一方4月から5月の芽の展開までは溶質比が一定であるから, 含水量の変化にのみ依存する. 5月から9, 月までの溶質の変化には電解質が, 10月から3月までのそれには非電解質が多く関与しているらしく, 9～10月と4月は, 含水量一定期間の前後ということからも, クワの芽の生理的転向点と考えられる.

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According to the recent investigation about terminal care, the educational curriculum of terminal care is set up only by 21.2% of Japanese large hospitals (Miyamoto, et al.). This demonstrates the lack of educational methodology for terminal care in Japan.We have been practicing terminal care education by the Baliant Method for more than two years. The Balint Method is developed by Michael Balint M.D. (1896-1970), who was born in Hungary and opened his clinic in London as a general practitioner. He developed his way of medical interview by "listening" to the patient. He tried to understand his patient biologically, psychologically and sociologically. He began his group-work in order to educate general practitioners so that they can understad their patients as whole persons. Ikemi, Y. has theorized essentially that the Balint Method makes it possible to understand the doctor-patient relationship (interpersonal communication) objectively, which hepls intrapersonal communication in the patient which covers his own bio-psycho-social levels. According to this mechanism, the patient will become aware of himself as a whole person, and then he will try to solve his problems for himself.Recently, especially in the U.S.A., behavioral medicine ahs developed its methodology, whose medical model is a bio-psycho-social one (Day, S.). Ikemi has added the psychoecological (or bioethical) point of view to this model.We began our "Fukuoka Balint Group" to study terminal care since July 1980,which includes medical doctors, nurses, psychologists and citizens concerned. We discuss freely, from a bio-psycho-socio-ecological (or ethical) standpoint about dying cases with difficult problems. A leader and a moderator helps participants expose their feelings to the case and the others accept them positively. The TPEG (Terminal Patient Evaluation Grid) has been made use of effectively as a learning strategy. According to the TPEG, we analyze the case bio-psycho-socio-ethically. In experience of 2 year-group-work, 93% of the participants have changed their view of patients' dying, and 44% of them have improved their own view of living and dying, and 31% of them have evaluated that their therapeutic selves have improved.Ikemi points out the merits of the Balint Method in terminal care as follows : 1) Through free discussion, the therapist can learn objectively how he himself treats his patients. 2) In the Balint Group, the participant can expose his feelings about the patient freely, and the others accept them positively. 3) In the process of dying, the patient shows various psychological reactions. The therapist can control his subjective impressions (subjectivity) and come to understand the patients' reactins objectively through the Balint Work. 4) Reactions of the dying patients are rich in variety. It is impossible for a therapist to understand all of them. In the Balint Group, many participants have various experiences. To hold them in common helps to solve this difficulty. 5) These experiences in the Balint Group will deepen the view of and dying and will be the base of the therapeutic self.

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This paper summarizes the open panel discussions at the special session (SS) held on December 8th, 2021, entitled “Designing the human-centric IoT society: Cooperative industry-academic strategies for creative future connection” in the 2021 Nonlinear Science Workshop (NLSW2021). The SS was jointly organized by Tohoku Forum for Creativity(TFC) and the NOLTA society. Before the SS, an online advance questionnaire survey was conducted using Google Forms. After three introductory talks, 52 participants from academic and industry fields discussed, and shared their idea in the open panel for the future IoT society to enhance human well-being.

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本研究は, 視覚障害児と晴眼児を被検者として, 視覚と空間概念の関係を明らかにする事を介し, 視覚障害者の投技能発達のための指導法を探る事を目的とした。
空間概念の属性として設定した運動感覚性の運動意識, 身体意識, 方向意識, 空間意識, 及び時間意識の5つの下位概念に関する測定項目及び投運動の調整能力に関する測定項目を設定し, 中学部の視覚障害児20人と中学校の晴眼児20人を対象として測定を行った。
その結果,
1) 本研究における視覚障害児と晴眼児は, 運動感覚性の運動意識, 身体意識, 方向意識, 空間意識, 及び時間意識において同様の発達水準にあり, 空間概念について同様の発達水準に達しているものと考えられた。そしてこの事は, 視覚障害児も晴眼児と同様の運動学習を経験した結果として推論された。
2) 投運動の調整能力においても, 視聴覚障害児と晴眼児は同様の発達水準にあり, この結果から, 高次の投運動は, 空間概念によって操作されている事が推論された。
3) 以上の事から, 視覚障害児の投技能を向上させるためには, わかりやすい豊かな刺激による盛んな遊びを介して, 感覚機能, 移動運動, 及び探索能力の発達をはかりながら, 感覚運動性の感覚意識を育て, 触覚と言語を介したボール遊びを通じて, 身体とボールの大まかな関係を知覚させ, 投げの基礎的な学習経験を与えながら, 身体意識を育て, 投げの力, 及び距離を調整させる事で方向意識, 空間意識, 及び時間意識を育て, そしてなるべく簡単な状況のミニゲームから取り入れ, 状況判断の力を育てながら, 空間概念を獲得させ, この空間概念で投技能を極め, 投てきが含まれるスポーツを楽しめるようにすべきであることを明らかに出来た。

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家庭内事故は特に高齢者にとって大きな問題となっている。溺死は家庭内事故死の主な死因であり、福岡県は溺死死亡率がこの10年間、全国1位となっている。溺死死亡率は福岡県内の市町村で大きな違いが認められる。市町村間の死亡率の違いを、生活環境や住居状況との関係から検討した。福岡県内の生活環境調査、住宅状況調査が行われた49市町を、溺死死亡率の低死亡率群(16町村)、中死亡率群(17市町)、高死亡率群(16市町)を3群とする判別分析を行い、3群を判別する線形判別関数を求めた。溺死死亡率と関係が示唆された項目は、第3次産業就業率、平成8年以降に建築された住宅の比率、段差のない屋内を有する住宅の比率であり、溺死死亡率に住宅の状況が影響を与えていることが示唆された。

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伝統的工芸品としての椀が有する物理的特性を,生活用具の観点から解明することを試みた。検討は,強度・硬度・温度の各特性,電子レンジ加熱に対する耐久性に対して実施し,工業製品との対比において検討した。得られた結果は,以下のように要約できる。(1)強度特性は,ヒューマン・スケールに立脚した,生活用具としての特性を有している。(2)漆塗膜の硬度特性は,素地の材質や下地処理が関与する。(3)椀に注いだ湯温の変化は,工業製品と同じ挙動を有する。伝統的工芸品における湯のさめにくさには,湯温と胴温より設定した感覚的温度が関与している。(4)椀の本体部分は,電子レンジ加熱に対して最適な形状を有している。しかしながら,高台の付け根部分への電砥波の集中,漆塗膜のガラス転移点温度,下地処理,木地の多孔質構造等が関与して,その耐久性は劣る。

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二酸化窒素(NO₂)及びホルムアルデヒド(HCHO)を同時測定できる拡散型サンプラを用いて1992年12月から1月の冬季(暖房器具使用期間)と1993年9月から10月の秋季(非暖房期間)に個人暴露濃度の測定を一般家庭の主婦を対象として実施した。測定に際しては, 拡散型サンプラにより室内外濃度測定及び温湿度等の環境条件の測定も行った。また, 暖房器具使用期間中は, 石油ファンヒーターとオイル式放熱板ヒーター(クリーンヒーター)を一日交代で用いた。
測定結果の概要は, NO₂で石油ファンヒーター使用時の個人暴露濃度は, 平均値で64ppbであった。また, 調査期間21日のうち13日は, 大気環境基準の上限値60ppbを超えていた。オイル式放熱板ヒーター使用時は, 平均値で35ppbであった。また, 非暖房期間は, 平均値で26ppbであった。いずれの期間も60ppbを超える濃度は測定されなかった。一方, HCHOは, 暖房期間において平均値33ppbで暖房器具による差は認められなかった。また, 非暖房期間は, 平均値19ppbであった。
環境条件の寄与は, 室内濃度による寄与が, NO₂, HCHOとも大きく, NO₂については, 外気濃度の寄与も認められた。HCHOについては, 湿度の寄与が認められた。しかし, 従来, 寄与が認められていた温度については, 今回の調査では, 明確な寄与は認められなかった。NO₂とHCHOの個人暴露濃度の関係については, F検定の結果1%有意で関連性は認められなかった。この要因としては, 主要な発生源が異なることが考えられる。重回帰分析による濃度予測の可能性については, F検定の結果, 5%有意で室内濃度のみで可能であった。

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本宮町は、昔より多くの水害にあってきたが、平成11年に新設された本宮中学校は、災害拠点を意識して造られた訳ではなかった。本宮中学校は高台に立地し、生徒の割に広い体育館や運動場を持つが、これは敷地の確保や社会体育の拡充といった目的を優先しての結果であった。　しかし、平成23年の台風第12号災害においては、本宮中学校は単なる避難所としての機能のみにとどまらず、災害拠点として複合的に利用されることとなった。本宮町ではこれからも継続して洪水による被害を受けることが予想されることから、今回の水害時に本宮中学校が果たした役割を省みて、本宮中学校を本宮町の防災拠点として見直そうという動きが、行政からも住民からも出てきている

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Core samples of sediments at depths of 0-300 cm at Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, total hydrolyzed amino acids (THAA) and density of viable microorganisms. TOC, THAA and density of viable microorganisms were greatest at the surface and decreased with the depth: THAA showed 62 μmol/g at a depth of 0-5 cm. The correlation coefficients (r) for TOC and THAA versus cell density were 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The alteration of dicarboxylic amino acids, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, to β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid respectively, via specific decarboxylation due to diagenesis were observed. Rate constant of aspartic acid racemization, k_ASP was determined to be 3.8 × 10^-5 at 4, 420 yrBP and 2.6 × 10^-5 at 9, 290 yrBP. Some anomalies in vertical distribution of THAA and cell density in the core sediment may indicate the presence of the past warmer period called “Hypsithermal” in Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.

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Since 2018, a project of MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, titled “Science of Soft Robots: Interdisciplinary integration of mechatronics, material science, and bio-computing” has been in progress. This major research project on soft robotics in Japan has a research period of 5 years. An outline of the project is presented herein.

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