Transformative capacity (TC) accommodates the changes to specific system functions to resolve disaster governance challenges, such as the unmet conditions existing between disaster risk reduction (DRR) preparedness. This study sought to identify which local economic-driven livelihood initiatives could be alternatives to DRR become transformative activities for the Merapi volcano community in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, primary secondary data were analyzed using four TC elements, focusing on three main community-based economic driven (CBED) activities; the tourism village, lava tours, campsite management; the Merapi community could apply the TC framework to enable both DRR livelihood enhancement. Even though, the results of these achievements remain somewhat unclear, the study shows that TC could accommodate change that there were interdependencies multidimensional approaches between each element.

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The Japanese government is promoting measures to apply the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to local governments under the framework of the “Regional Revitalization Policy”. As part of this, the “SDGs Future City” project was launched in fiscal year 2017. Sustainable development is strongly required in the Japanese tourism industry. The paper explores the following four research areas: (1) the changing trend from mass tourism planned by travel agents to regional destination-planned tourism;, (2) management shortage problems of destination management marketing organizations (DMOs) tourism associations (TAs); (3) the regional tourism industry rural revitalization planned by destination corresponding to specific SDG goals targets; (4) an international case study of the tourism industry rural revitalization linking urban rural areas in Italy.

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イスラム観光の概念は、観光産業の中でニッチ市場として発展をとげつつある。ムスリム観光客が訪れる観光地では、ハラル食品、旅行商品、宿泊サービスなど、彼らの需要を満たすような幾つかのサービスが提供されている。さらに、日本、韓国、台湾のような非ムスリム観光客の目的地においても、多くのムスリム観光客を誘致すべく、彼らに対応した施設やサービスが作られ始めているのが現状である。本稿では、秋田県のような非ムスリム観光客の訪問地において、ムスリムに対応した各種施設を提供する試みについて論ずる。言葉の壁、行き先の旅行会社と出発地の間に関係性がないこと、ムスリム観光客が求めるサービスについての情報が不足していること等の幾つかの問題が、秋田県をムスリム観光客を対象とした観光地へと成長させる上での主な障壁になると考えられる。

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エストニア共和国は小さな国であるが，大きな湿地を持ち，持続可能な開発に関する市民活動も多い国の一つである．他方，日本の大学や非政府組織は海外スタディツアーを行ってきて久しい．近年は特に，持続可能な開発をテーマにしたスタディツアーが見られるようになった．本レポートでは，持続可能な開発のうち湿地に着目したエストニアへのスタディツアーについて紹介する．まずスタディツアーの概要について紹介した後，現地のリソースと日本側となる大学の単位付与についての組み合わせおよび工夫を記す．最後に，教育プログラムとしての湿地のワイズユースの可能性をラムサール条約における CEPA プログラムの枠組みから捉える．

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The case study of this research was a project supported by the Japan Tourist Agency [2021] titled, “Demonstration project for promoting coordination within the region through improvements of regional tourism resources” which was aimed at a recovery from the decline in tourism demand due to COVID-19 also revitalizing the regional economy. The Peninsula Wide Area Tourism Association in Nanao, Ishikawa applied for the project it was adopted as the responsible organization. This was a newly developed tourist plan. This research is characterized by the improvements of regional tourism resources through the use of scenes from a TV drama. The method adopted in the project was created through promotional movies which collaborated with a location of a TV drama the local spot, tourists who actually visit the place can watch listen to the movies. This study aims to verify how much the value of regional culture tourism resources can be improved by using promotional TV drama scenes. For analysis, the discussion of Wang, who advocates the consideration of authenticity, was focused on. As for surveys, a survey of tourists who joined the adopted demonstration project, local people who planned created tourism products, the producer who created the movies for tourist promotion were conducted also consideration was based on a questionnaire survey of participants in the monitor . As a result, it was revealed that positive feelings were created good effects were brought about even among those who did not watch the drama by visiting seeing firsthand the scenes where the drama was shot.

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The reduction of the spacecraft's (SC) asymptotic velocity

the radiation hazard are really main problems for low-Delta V cost Jovian moons missions: orbiters landers. Algorithm to overcome the "obstruction of solo disturbances" for one-body flybys around some Jovian moon with using full ephemeris with two coupled CR3BP engaging has been implemented. The region where the total received radiation dose (TID) exceeds is skirted along the upper section of Tisserand-Poincare graph. Withal low-cost reduction of the SC asymptotic velocity is required for rendezvous with small body. It became possible to find such scenarios when restricted three body problem is transformed into the two-coupled CR3BP models full ephemeris model. Advanced Multi-Tisserand coordinates has been exploit for parametric passage into this region. With their help it is shown that the "cross" gravity assists at the early stage of reduction of the orbital period are required. As a result, a reasonable increase in the duration of the mission can be exchanged on a sharp decline TID found "comfortable" (in TID) rounds scenario in the system (less than 70 krad for standard SC protection 8-10 mm Al). This will provide significant gains in the payload for spacecraft missions in Jovian system systems of other outer planets improving the reliability of their scientific instruments.

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A travel route recommendation service that recommends a sequence of points of interest for tourists traveling in an unfamiliar city is a very useful tool in the field of location-based social networks. Although there are many web services

mobile applications that can help tourists to plan their trips by providing information about sightseeing attractions, travel route recommendation services are still not widely applied. One reason could be that most of the previous studies that addressed this task were based on the orienteering problem model, which mainly focuses on the estimation of a user-location relation (for example, a user preference). This assumes that a user receives a reward by visiting a point of interest the travel route is recommended by maximizing the total rewards from visiting those locations. However, a location-location relation, which we introduce as a transition pattern in this paper, implies useful information such as visiting order can help to improve the quality of travel route recommendations. To this end, we propose a travel route recommendation method by combining location transition knowledge, which assigns rewards for both locations transitions.

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Informal transport is a dominant

ubiquitous form of public transport in cities of the developing world. Yet, little is known about its role in tourism. Literature on public transport use in tourism destinations is replete with research from developed countries that focus on formal public transport modes, like trains buses. While the limited tourism transport studies set in developing countries foreground tourists’ perspectives the environmental impacts of tourist transport. This paper addresses this gap contributes to informal transport literature in two ways. First, it examines the role of informal transport in tourism from the perspective of its suppliers, particularly the informal transport drivers. Second, it interrogates the tourism services they provide. The insights generated in this paper are based on a comprehensive review of relevant literature, they can potentially inform tourism transport research planning, especially in tourism destinations of the developing world.

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  温泉入浴は身体をリラックスさせる効果があり，ストレスを低減して健康増進効果があるとされる．超高齢社会を抱える日本において，高齢者向けの温泉観光をはかることは，高齢者の健康増進をも進めることができると期待できる．別府市は世界一の源泉数を擁する温泉観光都市である．以上を背景に，別府市は高齢者向けに温泉入浴を盛り込んだ健康増進ツアーを企画した．そして九州大学別府病院，別府市医師会，別府市の協力で，この企画のストレス低減効果を検証した．健康増進ツアーは4泊5日で，温泉入浴の他，別府市の古い町並みを楽しむ散歩，ヨガ，野山でのハイキング，神社仏閣参拝といった心と体の癒しをもたらしてくれると期待されるスケジュールが組まれている．ツアー参加者は60歳以上の男女合わせて20人で，ストレスに関する問診，血圧測定，唾液検査（唾液アミラーゼ），血液検査（CRP，コルチゾール）を受けてもらい，ツアーの開始時と終了時に比較し，t-testで有意差検定を行った．問診のストレススコアの平均値は，ツアー前後値はそれぞれ43.7±8.05，39.4±6.57で，有意に低下していた（p＝0.005）．同様に血圧の平均値は，収縮期血圧で131±17.8mmHg，125±16.2mmHg （p＝0.018），拡張期血圧で73±7.3mmHg，70±6.6mmHg （p＝0.016）といずれも低下していた．唾液アミラーゼ，CRPには変化が見られなかったが，血清コルチゾールは，7.7±3.16µg/dL，6.1±1.82µg/dL（p＝0.027）と低下していた．温泉観光ツアーは，4泊5日という短期間でも，高齢者において，心身のストレスを軽減する効果があることが示唆された．

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Since 2008, Hirosaki University has been running several projects on radiation emergency medicine for the preparedness in radiation

nuclear accidents. Within the framework of these projects, staff members of Hirosaki University have participated in the Radiation Emergency Medicine Course at the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) in the USA since 2009. In 2019, some medical students of Hirosaki University got the first opportunity to attend the training course conducted by REAC/TS. Radiation Emergency Medicine course was mainly emphasized on the practical aspects of initial hospital management for the patients who were exposed /or contaminated through lectures hands-on practical exercises. In addition to radiation knowledge, having the same training with people from different occupations, languages cultures gave us valuable experiences in deepening communication abilities. All of us had a very exciting fulfilling time during our stay in REAC/TS.

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Personalized trip planning is a challenging problem given that places of interest should be selected according to user preferences

sequentially arranged while satisfying various constraints. In this study, we aimed to model various uncertain aspects that should be considered during trip planning efficiently generate personalized plans that maximize user satisfaction based on preferences constraints. Specifically, we propose a probabilistic itinerary evaluation model based on a hybrid temporal Bayesian network that determines suitable itineraries considering preferences, constraints, uncertain environmental variables. The model retrieves the sum of time-weighted user satisfaction, ant colony optimization generates the trip plan that maximizes the objective function. First, the optimization algorithm generates candidate itineraries evaluates them using the proposed model. Then, we improve candidate itineraries based on the evaluation results of previous itineraries. To validate the proposed trip planning approach, we conducted an extensive user study by asking participants to choose their preferred trip plans from options created by a human planner our approach. The results show that our approach provides human-like trip plans, as participants selected our generated plans in 57% of the pairs. We also evaluated the efficiency of the employed ant colony optimization algorithm for trip planning by performance comparisons with other optimization methods.

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We propose a new educational use of a nanosatellite for high school

junior high school students, not making a nanosatellite but using it. We held a workshop in which high school junior high school students made observation plans using Stars-AO, which is a CubeSat equipped with a high-sensitivity visible-light camera. We evaluated the educational effects of the workshop by analyzing the response writings of the students their replies to questionnaires. The participants' abilities interest in science space engineering increased because of the workshop. In this study, we report the workshop details evaluation of its educational effects.

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Japan is in the process of a long-term population decline, there are concerns that the domestic tourism will shrink due to this population decline. However, as the population of people over 65 years old is estimated to increase until around 2042, the elderly are an important segment of the tourism industry. The number of trips by age group is below average for those aged 70 older. Health reasons are reported as a disincentive to travel for this age group, which is higher than for other age groups, as is the desire not to be troubled by the inability to keep up with the pace of others. The authors are carrying out research on the derivation of tourism activity ability to promote tourism among the elderly. As part of this study, a preliminary experiment of sightseeing tours was conducted the fatigue level during sightseeing activities was evaluated by objective subjective indices. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relationship between the degree of fatigue the amount of daily activity. From these results, it is possible to obtain the beginning stages of deriving tourism activity ability of the elderly.

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Annealing computation has recently attracted attention as it can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems using an Ising spin-glass model. Stochastic cellular automata annealing (SCA) is a promising algorithm that can realize fast spin-update by utilizing its parallel computing capability. However, in SCA, pinning effect control to suppress the spin-flip probability is essential, making escaping from local minima more difficult than serial spin-update algorithms, depending on the problem. This paper proposes a novel approach called APC-SCA (Autonomous Pinning effect Control SCA), where the pinning effect can be controlled autonomously by focusing on individual spin-flip. The evaluation results using max-cut, N-queen,

traveling salesman problems demonstrate that APC-SCA can obtain better solutions than the original SCA that uses pinning effect control pre-optimized by a grid search. Especially in solving traveling salesman problems, we confirm that the distance obtained by APC-SCA is up to 56.3% closer to the best-known compared to the conventional approach.

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本稿では，不便益(不便だからこそ得られる効用)の観点から，飯塚本町商店街とどのようなかかわり方をすれば，飯塚本町商店街への愛着や満足度，再利用意向にポジティブな影響を与えられるのかを検討していくものである。上記の事項を検証するために，2017年と

年に飯塚本町商店街を巡るイベントを大学生対象に行い，調査を行った。その調査結果を分析したところ，飯塚本町商店街への愛着，満足，再利用意向は商店街をある程度の制限を与えたうえで自由に巡らせた場合(不便益条件)においてポジティブに改善されるということが示された。また，不便益は「選好(個人的な嗜好の観点から当該地域を肯定的に評価する程度)」に関わる愛着を醸成する上で有効に働く要因であることも示唆された。

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