Noodles were prepared from , tapioca and Chinese yam flour, using water added at various temperatures, and different weight percentages of yam flour, weight ratios of /tapioca flour and boiling time for the noodles. The stress-strain characteristics of these noodles were compared with those of wheat noodles. All the characteristic values for the mixed noodles were greatest with water added at 70°C. The stiffness increased linearly with increasing percentage of yam flour. Increasing the /tapioca ratio reduced the stiffness and led to a progressively increasing reduction in the breaking stress and energy. All characteristics of the mixed noodles prepared with water added at 70°C, 20% yam flour and /tapioca flour in a weight ratio 5/5 boiled for 10 min showed no significant differences from those of wheat noodles. A sensory evaluation was carried out with a 7-point scoring scale to compare these mixed noodles and wheat noodles. The wheat noodles were evaluated higher in color and external appearance, while the mixed noodles were evaluated higher in hardness.

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Along with the steadily rising elderly population in Japan, the number of aged persons with difficulties in walking is increasing. These patients undergo rehabilitation in hospitals which impose a constant and heavy burden upon the health care personnel who must assist them Additionally, there is growing shortage for caregivers in the hospital care. This paper deals with a sensor-assisted walking aid () that enables a patient to perform his own rehabilitation thereby reducing the caregivers burden. The is automatically controlled by some sensors. First, two typical patterns are described of patients falling while using an ordinary walker during rehabilitation. Next, there is an explanation on two sensors which are able to recognize the two patterns. Finally, an experiment is presented describing how , with information automatically activated, can prevent patients from falling.

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美濃帯北東部, ジュラ紀沢渡礫岩中の片麻岩礫(-13 : ルチル-グラファイト-ザクロ石-黒雲母-石英片麻岩礫, -43 : マイクロクリン-ザクロ石-黒雲母-石英-オリゴクレイス片麻岩礫)からMgに富む(最高でMgO=10.4 wt.%;パイロープ成分は39.5 mol%)ザクロ石を発見した.本発見によって, 美濃帯のジュラ紀砂岩中に普遍的に存在する高Mg砕屑性ザクロ石の供給源岩石の具体像が明らかになった.片麻岩の組織および鉱物の化学組成から判断すると, -13と-43はグラニュライト相の変成作用を受け, 後に複数回の後退変成作用を受けた可能性が大きい.

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The author investigated the phosphatide of -Millet oil and found out the following results:
1. -Millet oil contains about 0.14% phophatide.
2. This phosphatide is composed of about 23% lecithin and about 76% cephalin.

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本研究では,奥日光地域の著しい森林衰退地域を含む外山沢集水域と,隣接する五色沢集水域において,河川水と地下水の水質変化を明らかにし,これら水質を規定する要因について検討を行うことと,流域への酸性沈着物質の影響を評価することを目的に,2000年8月から2001年10月まで現地調査を行った。
本研究により,以下のことが明らかとなった。(1)外山沢では積雪期にNa⁺とMg²⁺,Ca²⁺の濃度が上昇し,これらは主に地質起源と思われる。(2)外山沢と五色沢では融雪や豪雨に伴う河川水や地下水中のイオン成分濃度の低下が観測され,既存の研究事例と一致した。(3)五色沢では降水と比較してSO₄^2-/Cl^-比(当量比)が高く,SO₄^2-が地下の火山活動により供給されている可能性が指摘される。(4)外山沢に隣接する柳沢の水質分析結果(小林ら,1985)から,本地域では1979年から今日にかけて,大気沈着物質の負荷の蓄積により,流域からの流出負荷量が増大している可能性が示唆される。(5)外山沢流域ではNO₃^-/Cl^-比は降水と同程度かそれ以上で,窒素飽和の第2ステージ(Aberら,1989)に相当する可能性が示唆される。

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The patient was a 90-year-old man, who was admitted to our hospital with complaint of dysphagia. The results of gastrointestinal fiberscopy revealed malignant obstruction in lower part of esophagus. To improve quality of life, Wall stent was inserted. By insertion of Wall stent in a patient of 90 years old with malignant esophageal obstruction, satisfactory improvement in quality of life was achieved.

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The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, has strict food preferences and grows by feeding on mulberry leaves. However, “-J”, an abnormal feeding habit strain selected from the genetic stock, feeds on an artificial diet without mulberry leaf powder. In this study, the food preference gene in -J was genetically identified using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of a cDNA clone on each linkage group. Taking advantage of a lack of genetic recombination in females, reciprocal backcrossed F1 (BC1) progenies were independently prepared using a non-feeding strain, C108, as a mating partner of -J. Our results of linkage analysis and mapping proved that the feeding behavior is primarily controlled by a major recessive gene mapped at 20.2 cM on RFLP linkage group 9 (RFLG9), and clone e73 at a distance of 4.2 cM was found as the first linked molecular marker.

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加水温度，ヤマイモ粉の配合割合，ヒエ粉/タピオカ粉の重量比，茹で時間を変動させて，ヒエ粉，タピオカ粉，ヤマイモ粉の混合麺（ヒエ混合麺）を調製し，その応力‐ひずみ特性を小麦麺と比較した．加水温度が70℃のときに全ての応力‐ひずみ特性値が最大になった．ヤマイモ粉の割合の増加に伴って，ヒエ混合麺の初期弾性率は線形に増大し，破断応力は線形に減少した．タピオカ粉に対するヒエ粉の割合が増えると，初期弾性率はやや低下し，破断応力や破断エネルギーは大きく線形に減少した．加水温度70℃，ヤマイモ粉の配合割合20%，ヒエ粉/タピオカ粉の重量比 5/5，茹で時間10minという条件で調製されたヒエ混合麺の全応力‐ひずみ特性値は小麦麺との間に有意差を示さなかった．このヒエ混合麺と小麦麺を試料として7段階評点法による官能評価を行った．粘弾性，なめらかさ，食味では有意差は認められなかったが，色と外観においては小麦麺が，かたさではヒエ混合麺がそれぞれ有意に高く評価された．

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How sediment was controlled by a slit sabo dam was reported based on data obtained from the September '98 storm which hit the Yunoiri- basin, a branch of the Matsukawa River. Photogrephs and survey data taken before and after the event were analyzed with the following results. The slit sabo dam checked the sediment during the storm and released it probably during the recession period of the storm. The sediment newly deposited was easily and quickly eroded away during and after the storm. The wings of an ordinary closed typed sabo dam built downstream of the Yunoiri- also worked as a slit sabo dam.

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In the Zaô valcano, the crater lake “Okama” has been famous as an active center in the historic time. Soon after the cease of the last activity in 1939 at the entrance of the Jigoku-, several fumaroles were suddenly opened, in which the steady state has since been maintained for thirty years. In the early spring of 1966, the activity suddenly, occurred in the vicinity of Kamoshika Spa. Especially, near the junction of the Nigori-gawa and the Furiko-, a new hot-spring started to gush out. Supplied with the acid water of the spring, the pH value of the river water became much lower than ever in its middle and lower course. Therefore, since 1966 the river water has not been used for the irrigation.

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Lecanorchis amethystea , H. Fukunaga & S. (Orchidaceae) is described from Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Lecanorchis amethystea is similar to L. nigricans Honda, but detailed morphological comparison supports its status as a new species. It is easily distinguished by the following combination of characters: 1) longer stem; 2) longer inflorescence and infructescence, because of longer internodes; 3) yellowish white, narrower sepals and petals; 4) 5-nerved and slightly 3-lobed labellum; 5) bright brown, ascending capsule; 6) column more than half fused with labellum; and 7) column basally pubescent.

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In general, the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an oligophagous insect that feeds on mulberry leaves. However, one mutant strain, -J, can feed on other plants and a low cost artificial diet (LP-1) on which ordinary silkworms do not feed. The food preference of -J was reported to be controlled by the polyphagous gene (pph) belonging to the third linkage group. To determine the pph locus, we performed a three-point test by using Ze and lem genes as markers. We obtained recombination values of 8.64% between Ze and pph, 14.16% between pph and lem, and 20.24% between Ze and lem. Using the value 20.8 between lem and Ze in the silkworm linkage map, the pph locus was mapped to position 12.9 on the third linkage group.

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This paper is concerned with the re-examination of the role of toponymy in academic field of research. The writer selected the place-names ; tani and . both of which mean valley, and investigate their distribution on the toposheets. As a result, a clear line may be safely drawn from Oyashirazu to Kuwana in Central Japan. This line may fittingly be named as O-K line which divides Japan into two parts;the southwestern and northeastern. The former corresponds to tani and to the Yamato clan, and the latter to and to the Azuma clan. The historical data and the results of the fields of history and archaeology are not contradiction to the facts mentioned above. It is hoped that the toponymy will contribute to the fields of history and archaeology in the development of the study in ancient (history in) Japan. To this and, it is further hoped that the place name will be studied from the lights of historical-and archaeological geography.

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  On October 16, 2013, Typhoon No.26 (Typhoon Wipha) passed through Izu-Oshima Island, approximately 100km south of Tokyo. On this day, the Motomachi district, on the northwestern slope of Mt. Mihara, experienced its heaviest rainfall in recorded history. The 24-h precipitation reached 824mm, inducing many shallow landslides and mudflows, particularly in the Okane-zawa river basin. Recent studies have shown that most of the landslides occurred along a boundary between high-permeability layers consisting of scoriaceous ash and low-permeability layers consisting of loess deposits. Many shallow landslides also occurred in the Omiyasawa river basin, which lies towards the south of the Okane-zawa river basin. However, the reason for these landslides and subsequent processes, such as mudflows, had not previously been clarified. In this study, we estimated the areas of the landslides and erosion and deposition sites from altitude changes determined using digital elevation models (DEMs) developed before and after the typhoon. Through field surveys, we also found that the topographies and processes of the shallow landslides in the upper Omiya- basin differed from those in the Okane-zawa basin. The landslides in the Omiya- basin occurred along a boundary between scoriaceous ash layers and low-permeability layers consisting of lava and lahar deposits.

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A series of eruptions of Mt. Usu since August 7, 1977, had brought ejecta of 8.3×10⁷ cubic meters over the vicinity (see Fig. 1). Due to rainfalls after the eruptions, mud-flows occurred on the piedmont of Mt.Usu. In September, the largest mud-flow occurred in Ichino-, Izumi District of Abuta-cho, causing a gully erosion of 1, 100 meters long with transported boulders up to 1.7 meters in diameter.
Mud-flows are generally caused by the heavy rainfall through changes of runoff characteristics effected by the deposit of volcanic ejecta. The rate of runoff and the amount of peak discharge were probably increased by the deposition of the volcanic ejecta in Mt. Usu area due to low permeability of the ash. Since we did not know the real amount of the discharge at the time of the mud-flow occurrence, a maximum possible discharge was computed utilizing the rational formula:
_??_
where Q is peak discharge (m³/s), f is runoff coefficient, R is rainfall intensity(mm/h) and A is drainage area (km²) The values, A=0.66km², R=15mm/h estimated from the rainfall data and f=1 were used to obtain a value of 2.8m³/s for a maximum possible discharge. Because this amount of discharge is generally considered to be insufficient to cause mud-flows, other factors than the changes of runoff characteristics should have been responsible. In order to account for the enormous energy required to induce the mud-flow, the hypothesis that blocking and damming-up of the stream by slope failures on the valley sides and subsequent burst of the dam caused the mud-flow was postulated.
This hypothesis was investigated by geomorphological analyses comparing basin characteristics of Ichino- (with mud-flow occurrence) and Kousu-gawa (without mud-flow occurrence) as shown in Figure 6. The slope maps of Figure 8 show that steep portion (_??_35°) of the valley sides, where slope failures are likely to occur, is much more extensive in the middle part of Ichino- than in Kousu-gawa. Detailed analyses of aerial photo-graphs indicate the occurrence of many slope failures in Ichino- and appear to support this hypothesis (see Fig. 9). Geological weakness of the Bunsei nuées ardente deposits and a small amount of pumice relative to the total amount of deposits are also thought to have contributed to the occurrence of the mud-flow (see Fig. 10).

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