The boundary element method expanded in frequency domains is presented to analyze the dynamic interaction between an embedded flexible rectangular foundation and soil with consideration of the obliquely incident waves. Numerical results describing the influence of the flexibility of the foundation on the dynamic responses of the foundation due to obliquely incident waves indicate that the flexibility of actual foundations can diminish the reduction of translation responses and increase the rotational responses in the high frequency range. These phenomena are more conspicuous as the embedment ratio is larger and the value of the wave velocity ratio of the soil and the foundation approaches to unity. When the high frequency components of the input ground motion are important and the basement has higher flexibility (for example ₂v_s/₁v_s >0.), the analysis method which considers the basement as a rigid foundation may lead to unsafety estimations and the estimation of the flexibility of the foundation is necessary as analysing the effective input motion with consideration of the incident waves.

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The Gujarat earthquake in India occurred in January, 2001, and caused significant damage in the province of Gujarat. The Japanese Geotechnical Society sent a small reconnaissance team to the damaged region after the quake. The present text presents the report from this activity. The major attention of the team was focused on geotechnical aspects of the damage which were related to earthfill dams and harbor land fills. It was found that a significant portion of damage was concentrated in fills resting on soft natural soils. Swedish weight soundings which were conducted at two places demonstrated the existence of such a soft subsoil. From this, it was concluded that amplification of earthquake shaking as well as the permanent deformation in the soft foundation soil induced such kinds of damage as subsidence, cracking, and lateral spreading in overlying artificial fills. For the better seismic resistance of those affected fills during future earthquakes, the improvement of soft subsoil seems essential.

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The interaction between a penetrating shaft and the surrounding soil media under impact loading is a frequently encountered phenomenon in geotechnical engineering. Examples of such dynamic soil/shaft interaction would include dynamic pile driving, standard penetration testing (SPT), and dynamic driven rod test. Presented in this paper is a novel approach, based on the principle of dynamic system identification, which enables identification of dynamic soil-pile interaction model parameters. The analytical transfer function, relating the output stress wave forms to the input stress wave forms in the soil/shaft system, is derived using the Laplace and Fourier Transform techniques and the one-dimensional wave propagation theories. A numerical solution algorithm based on a variation of gradient method is coded into a micro-computer based program to solve the frequency-dependent soil-pile interaction parameters (Smith model) : soil damping and soil spring stiffness. To further reduce the amount of computational effort required in the solution of the frequency-dependent dynamic soil properties, it is suggested that the solution be obtained for the first-mode natural frequency of the measured stress waves. The results obtained from this simplified solution algorithm, when compared with both numerical simulations and controlled laboratory tests, are reasonably acceptable. The proposed parameter identification technique offers a viable alternative data interpretation procedure for deducing pertinent Smith model parameters used frequently in pile driving analysis.

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In the seismic analysis of pile foundations the soil is often assumed to be an elastic material and the pressure at the soil pile interface is not limited during the analysis. This may result in a considerable error, as the computed pressure from an elastic analysis may go well beyond the ultimate lateral pressure of real soil. In fact, significant yielding at the soil-pile interface has been observed during real earthquakes, and also in laboratory tests. The yield zone is usually near the ground surface where the effect of inertial force due to the superstructure is higher. This yielding redefines the pile response, and in general cannot be ignored. In order to examine the effects of soil yielding on the internal pile response during earthquakes an approximate analysis is described in this paper which is an extension of a static method developed by the second author (1982) for the analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movement. This method is then used to investigate the effects of soil yielding on the internal response of piles through a comparative study in which real earthquakes are used. It is shown that for strong earthquakes and heavily loaded piles the soil yielding may considerably increase the amount of maximum pile moment developed in the pile. A marked difference in the effects of yielding on the pile moment and shear is observed and discussed.

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The syntheses of (S)-13-hydroxy-(2, , )-tetradecatrienoic acid (1) and (2, , Z-tetradecatrienoic acid (2) were carried out by using the Wittig reaction as the key step. The asymmetric center at C-13 and the double bond between C- and C-9 for natural compound 1 were reconfirmed as being of (S) configuration and , respectively. The relationship between the structure of the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids and their inhibitory effect on the growth of lettuce was investigated.

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The results of an investigation of soil liquefaction caused by the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake are described. Massive and extensive soil liquefaction occurred in the coastal areas of reclaimed land, in old river beds, in Holocene deposits and in areas reclaimed from old ponds. A man-made island of weathered granite, or “Masado, ” was also seriously damaged by soil liquefaction. The maximum distance from the epicenter to the liquefied sites was approximately 90 km. Several characteristics of liquefaction formation, strong earthquake motions recorded on Port Island, and damage to structures from this earthquake are discussed.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--isovaleryloxytetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (), and (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--(2-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--senecioyloxytetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.

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-(2-Aminophenylthio)-, 6-dichloropyridazine (I) on treating with dil. Hydrochloric acid or acetic acid gave -chloro-H-benzo[]pyridazino[, -][1, ]thiazine (, -diazapheno-thiazine type) through rearrangement and cyclization. -Chloro-10H-benzo[]pyridazino-[, -][1, ]thiazine (1, 2-diazaphenothiazine type) was obtained by either heating of I at 150°or treating of I with conc. hydrochloric acid through direct cyclization. The mechanism of the aforesaid reactions was discussed using a molecular orbital method. Several 1, 2-and , -diazaphenothiazine derivatives were synthesized.

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The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.

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This study was performed to clarify which factors affected damage to tame-ike (small embankment dams for irrigation) in Hokudan Town as a result of the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Factors were assumed to be : Location (.g., Distance to Epicenter, etc.), Structure (.g., Angle to Nearest Fault, Embankment Volume, etc.), Soil Properties of Embankment, Geology of Dam Site and History (Era of Construction, Repaired, etc.). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed for documentary data (damaged : 181, undamaged : 328). Ordinary statistical analyses were conducted for the data investigated in situ for soil properties of the embankment. The results show that the factors causing damage to dam are : (1) Nearest Fault (Nojima, Mizukoshi and D2), (2) Distance to Nearest Fault (less than 500 m), () Distance to Epicenter (approximately to 14 km, which almost agrees with the location of seismic intensity 7 JMA), () Elevation of Dam Site (higher than 100 m), () Embankment Volume (the greater the volume the more damage was caused), (6) Direction of Dam Axis (normal or diagonal to the epicenter or to nearest the fault), (7) Plan View of Dam Axis ( or axes), () Surface Geology of Dam Site (non-cohesive soil type ground), (9) Era of Construction (prior to 1891) and (10) Soil Properties of Embankment (sand, not silty sand or gravel, penetration resistance that is 10% smaller than the undamaged dams).

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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Two effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors were isolated from tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus. Their structures were spectroscopically identified as ,-undeca-2,-diene-,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (1) and ,-undeca-2,-diene-,10-diynoic acid piperidide (2). Both compounds had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on CYPA activity with IC₅₀ values of 10.0 ± 1. µM for compound 1 and . ± 0.2 µM for compound 2, and exhibited mechanism-based inhibition. This is the first reported isolation of effective CYP inhibitors from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) purchased from a Japanese market.

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[1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with 7 kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=+C+D+K+++cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1) , C, D, K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into 7 categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. D=kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , F, G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into 6 kinds of area (2., ., , 7, 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , F are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. F=the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. ) a, , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: +=A-(+C+D+K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was ,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, () Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , F. is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_1+_2+_+_. design elements [table] _1, _2, _, _, these values have the grades, as 0, 1, 2, , and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to 9 grades as the sum of them. The values of F have also grades, 0 to . The principles to determine the values of , F are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , F must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , F values, as the table -, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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2-Benzyl--chloro--mercapto- (2H)-pyridazinone (1) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently 2, 7-dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, 6 (2H, 7H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and 2, -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, 9 (2H, H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, 6 (2H, 7H)-dione and the -1, 9 (2H, H)-dione were observed in, not only heating -chloro--mercapto- (2H)-pyridazinones (1-) in polar solvent, but warming -mercapto--chloro- (2H)-pyridazinones (-6) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as 2-phenylimino--benzylpyridazo [, -d]-1, -dithiol- (H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming 1 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at 80°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.

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-Chloro--mercapto--ethoxypyridazine (1) was heated under reflux in abs. ethanol for three hours to form concurrently four products with novel rings in the dipyridazo-1, -dithiin system, , 9-diethoxydipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin (pale yellow needles, mp 211°, 13% in yield) (Ia), , 6-diethoxydipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin (colorless needles, mp 260°, 12% in yield) (IIa), dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-, 9 (1H, 6H)-dione (colorless solid, mp>300°, 24% in yield) (Ib), and dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-, 6 (1H, 9H)-dione (colorless solid, mp>300°, 16% in yield) (IIb). Structural assignment of the compounds, Ia, IIa, Ib and IIb, was confirmed by their physico-chemical constants and chemical experimental evidences. Similar concurrent formations of an isomeric pair of , 9-disubstituted dipyridazo-[, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiins (I series isomers) and , 6-disubstituted dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiins (II series ones) were also observed in those cases in which heating , -dichloro--mercaptopyridazine (), -chloro--mercapto--benzylthiopyridazine () and -chloro--mercapto--morpholinopyridazine () in similar reaction conditions (heating in proper polar solvents for proportionatd periods) formed a pair of the , 9-dichloro- (colorless needles, mp 275°, only trace in yield) (Ic) and , 6-dichloro derivative (pale yellow needles, mp 307°(decomp.), only trace in yield) (IIc), , 9-dibenzylthio- (yellow crystals, mp 230°, 29% in yield) (Id) and , 6-dibenzyl derivative (red crystals, mp 252°, 23% in yield) (IId), and , 9-dimorpholino- (colorless crystals, mp 268°, 38% in yield) (Ie) and , 6-dimorpholino derivative (colorless needles, mp 291°, 25% in yield) (IIe), respectively. A rather complex cyclization furnishing the concurrent formation of two pairs of the dipyridazo-1, -dithiin derivatives was found in the reaction of heating -chloro-, -dimercaptopyridazine (6) in a similar reaction condition, followed by benzylation, in which a pair of the derivatives with another novel ring, dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin, the , 9-dibenzylthio- (colorless plates, mp 168°, % in yield) (VI) and , 6-di-benzylthio derivative (yellow needles, mp 210°, 11% in yield) (VII) and another pair of derivatives with a known ring, dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin, the 1, 6-dibenzylthio-(yellow needles, mp 178°, 19% in yield) (IV) and the 1, 9-dibenzylthio derivative (colorless needles, mp 170°, 9% in yield) (V) and none of Id and IId or 1, 6-dichlorodipyridazo-[, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin (If) and 1, 9-dichloro derivative (IIf) was detected. NMR spectra of some dibenzylthiodipyridazo-1, -dithiin derivatives were compared. A discussion of the cyclization mechanism involved in these reactions is also proposed.

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