A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,,-triol (). induced ALP activities of MCT- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT- cells by , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT- cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, , and did not induce MCT- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MCT- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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[] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with 7 kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=+C++K+aE++cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. ) , C, , K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into 7 categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. =kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , F, G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into kinds of area (2., ., , 7, 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , F are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. F=the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. ) a, , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: aE+=A-(+C++K+cG). In this research, I used ,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was ,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by kinds of expression-() Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, () Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , F. is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_+_2+_+_4. design elements [table] _, _2, _, _4, these values have the grades, as 0, , 2, , 4 and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to grades as the sum of them. The values of F have also grades, 0 to 4. The principles to determine the values of , F are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , F must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , F values, as the table -4, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of . μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was ×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of .7×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of . μm and a signal power of ×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the -hydroxy group by a reduction of the , 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the , 4, -trien--one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with -phenyl-, 2, 4-triazoline-, -dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The , 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-, 24-hydroxyvitamin compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as , 25-dihydroxyvitamin , while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than , 25-dihydroxyvitamin ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of , 25-dihydroxyvitamin .

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from . ± 2.8 (placebo) to 8.48 ± .2 (A) and 8.02 ± .8 nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19. ± 4.2 (P) to 23.8 ± .4 (A) and 24. ± .4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2. (P) to 8.02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± .02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0.98 ± 0.28 (P) to .24 ± 0.29 (A) and .08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Six full-length cDNAs encoding pig cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYPA, CYP2A19, CYP2, CYP2C33v4, CYP2C49, and CYP2, were isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of pig CYPA, CYP2A19, CYP2, CYP2C49, and CYP2 showed high similarity to human (85.4%), CYP2A13 (88.%), (.%), CYP2C18 (85.%), and (82.%), respectively, and pig CYP2C33v4 cDNA showed high similarity to rat CYP2C23 (79.2%). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays revealed hepatic gene expression of all these pig CYP enzymes: the order of expression was CYP2C33v4 and > CYP2C49 > and CYP2A19 > . In the kidney, the CYP2C33v4 gene was expressed at the same level as in the liver, but the , CYP2A19, and genes were expressed at lower levels than in the liver. Little renal gene expression of CYP2C49 and CYP2 was observed. We revealed for the first time the full-length cDNA sequences encoding pig CYPA and five CYP enzymes belonging to the CYP2 gene family, thus making it possible to examine the gene expression levels of these CYP enzymes in pig tissues by RT-PCR.

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Two new vitamin analogues, -hydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (13) and , 25-dihydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (17), which are blocked for 24-hydroxylation by the methyl groups, were synthesized from , -bismethoxymethoxypregn--ene-20Scarbaldehyde () by using the orthoester Claisen rearrangement for construction of the carbon skeleton of their side chains. These compounds (13 and 17) elicited a rise in serum calcium, but not in serum inorganic phosphorus in rats. In a bioassay for alkaline phosphatase, they were found to show much weaker activity than -hydroxy vitamin ().

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　コンクリート舗装はアスファルト舗装よりもわだち掘れやひび割れに対する耐久性が高く，舗装の長寿命化が期待される．しかしながら，寒冷地では凍上対策を確実に実施されない場合，早期に破損が生じることが知られている．本研究では，既設アスファルト舗装をコンクリート舗装へ打ち換える場合の凍上対策として，XPS（押出法ポリスチレンフォーム断熱材）を用いた断熱工法の適用性を試験施工により検討した．断熱材の保護および路盤の品質確保のため必要となる路盤厚さの検討，断熱材の耐力照査，および熱伝導解析による断熱効果のシュミレーション結果に基づいて試験施工を実施した結果，良好な施工が可能であること，路床の支持力低下が懸念される融解期においても通常期と同等の支持力が得られること，期待される断熱効果が得られることが明らかとなった．

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　ある道路トンネル内に使われているプレストレストコンクリート舗装（以下，PC舗装）において，縦断方向及び横断方向のひび割れが確認された．現地調査の結果，大きなひび割れが発生している箇所では，PC鋼材の破断や，たわみが大きな箇所では，PC舗装版と路盤の間に空洞の確認もされた．

　そこで，それら2つの要因が，PC舗装のたわみにどのように影響を及ぼしているかを把握するために

次元非線形FEMによる解析的検証を実施した．解析の結果，空洞の大きさの方が，プレストレス減少よりも，たわみに与える影響が大きいことが分かった．加えて，空洞が生じると，PC舗装のみで荷重に抵抗する梁形式に近い耐荷機構に変化すること，さらに，舗装表面に負曲げが生じる可能性があることが分かった．

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　近年，空港，高速道路ならびに国道の開削調査等により，舗装の損傷における水の影響が明らかになってきた．舗装の長寿命化を実現するには，水が介在することで生じる損傷の過程を正しく理解することが大きな意味を持つ．そのためには，室内評価において，供用中の道路で実際に観測されるような損傷を再現でき，加えて耐水性能の異なるアスファルト混合物に対して，その性能差を有意に比較検討できる評価方法を獲得することが重要と考える．本検討では，既往研究で究明したアスファルトの骨材からの剥離メカニズムを踏まえ，国内・海外の試験法を参考に新たに開発した，改質アスファルト混合物の新たな耐水性評価法を提案し，さらに試験精度を高める手法も検討した．

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　供用中のアスファルトコンクリート（アスコン）層は，酸化や紫外線等により劣化している．このようなアスコンの疲労ダメージ状態を評価するには，実舗装から採取した切取コアの供試体を用いた疲労試験を行う必要がある．本研究では，実舗装から採取した切取コア供試体と室内で作製した熱劣化アスコン供試体に対して繰返し圧縮引張試験を行い，結果として得られる各種の粘弾性パラメータと疲労破壊回数の関係について検討した．その結果，アスコンの疲労ダメージの蓄積状態は繰返し載荷過程における位相角の変化と密接な関係があり，粘弾性パラメータとして単位位相角変化量を導入することで，疲労ダメージの蓄積のし易さを評価できることがわかった．

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　アスファルトコンクリート再生骨材は，場所や地域によっては複数回利用されており，その品質の低下が懸念されている．筆者らは，室内で劣化と再生を繰り返した再生アスファルト混合物や，アスファルト混合所で使用されている再生骨材を用いた再生アスファルト混合物の性状評価を室内試験により行ってきた．その結果，再生用添加剤の成分差異や，再生骨材配合率，旧アスファルト針入度が，再生アスファルト混合物のひび割れ抵抗性に及ぼす影響について知見を得ている．本研究では，実大試験工区を構築し，荷重車による促進載荷試験を行いひび割れ抵抗性の検証を行った．その結果，再生混合物のひび割れ抵抗性は，室内試験と同様に，添加剤の成分や再生骨材配合率に影響を受け，高温カンタブロ損失率等により評価可能であることを確認した．

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　我が国におけるアスファルト再生骨材のアスファルト混合物への利用は1980年代から本格的に行われており，改質アスファルト混合物へのアスファルト再生骨材の利用についても検討および適用が進められてきている．しかしながら，積雪寒冷地における再生改質アスファルト混合物の長期的な供用性状の検証はなされていないのが実態である．本研究では，2001年度に国道上で再生改質アスファルト混合物の試験施工を実施し，舗設時から供用20年後まで供用性状を調査した．またコア採取を行い，ひび割れの進行方向について検討した．この結果，再生骨材の配合率が高いほど，供用により冬期の摩耗等や路面側からのひび割れが生じやすい傾向にあることが明らかとなった．

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　ILブロック舗装の敷砂に天然砂（良質な砂），目地砂に珪砂等が用いられる．良質な天然砂等は高価であることから，同等の性能を有した天然砂に代わる材料を用いることでコスト削減に寄与できると考えられる．そこで，天然砂の代わりに家庭ごみを焼却して生成される溶融スラグに着目し，室内試験による材料特性の把握，実施工による現場試験の結果から適用性について検討を行った．その結果，敷砂では天然砂と同等の細粒化に対する抵抗性，目地砂としては珪砂以上のかみ合わせ効果が得られた．また，実施工した試験舗装に対する

年間の路面性状および支持力特性の調査結果から，溶融スラグを敷砂，目地砂に用いた場合でも天然砂と同等以上の性能を発揮できる可能性が示された．

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　阪神高速道路は路線全体の8割が高架橋であり，特に湾岸線では鋼床版構造が多く採用されている．鋼床版上舗装の基層には，たわみ追従性が高く，かつ流し込み施工が可能で，床版上の凹凸部へ容易に充填できるグースアスファルト混合物が従来から使用されてきた．近年，道路舗装各社において，従来のグースアスファルト混合物と比較して高耐久で低臭気なグースアスファルト混合物が開発され，実用化に向けた取り組みがなされている．本稿では，阪神高速における鋼床版上舗装の長寿命化を目指し，高耐久グースアスファルト混合物の性能規定化を目的として，鋼床版上舗装の基層に求める性能を評価する各種試験を実施したので報告する．

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