The modulns of longitudinal elasticity and their temperature dependence in commercial aluminum cast alloys were measured in the temperature range from room temperature (20°C) to 250°C by the resonant frequency method. The results obtained are as follows:
The modulus of longitudinal elasticity tended to decrease weakly and linearly (the tangent of its decrease, m = (-.--.) × 10²kg//°C) with the rise of temperature. Within the range of the experiments, aluminum cast alloys were divided into groups, the lst group materials having large moduli of elasticity at room temperature (i. ., = (7.15-7.25) × 10⁵kg/) were A-T6, A-, A-, A-T, B-, B-T, A-, A-T, etc., the nd group materials having intermediate moduli (i. ., = (6.85-6.98) × 10⁵kg/) were C-, C-T5, C-T6, D-, D-T6, 7A-, etc. and the rd group materials showing considerably smaller moduli (i. ., = (6.58-6.65) × 10⁵kg/) were 1A-, 1A-T6, A-, etc. However, there were some differences between the moduli in this experiments and the moduli in the other data books, and these were considered due to the difference of the measurement principles and of hypotheses or assumptions involved in these principles, so it is suggested that the moduli of elasticity should be reported with indication of the measuring method.

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Six sorts of aluminium-silicon JIS commercial cast alloys, i.. BF, BT6, , , AT6 and BF, were examined on drill-machinabilities in regard of drilling resistance, accuracy of drilled holes, deposits on the drill face, chip treatment and others. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) In the case of -materials (as-cast), the drilling resistance and time were smaller in copper-containing materials, i.. BF and BF, and were larger in , especially . And the drilling resistance and time of T6-materials (heat-treated) were larger than those of -materials.
() The drilling temperature was lower in AT6 than in the other materials, but the temperatures were about 100∼120°C as a whole and posed no serious problem.
() In the case of -materials, the accuracies of drilled holes, i.. enlargement of the hole diameter, roundness of the hole figure and surface roughness of the drilled hole in and were inferior to those in BF and BF, and the roundness of the hole figure and the surface roughness of holes in T6-materials were better than those in -materials.
() In the case of -materials, the deposits, such as a cohesive large built-up edge, which deteriorate the accuracy of a drilled hole, were observed on the drill face. This phenomenon was more remarkable in , especially than in BF and BF. And the deposits in T6-materials were less cohesive and smaller than those in -materials.
(5) There were no difficulties in chip formation regardless of the chip treatment.

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The syntheses of (S)-13-hydroxy-(, , )-tetradecatrienoic acid (1) and (, , Z-tetradecatrienoic acid () were carried out by using the Wittig reaction as the key step. The asymmetric center at C-13 and the double bond between C- and C- for natural compound 1 were reconfirmed as being of (S) configuration and , respectively. The relationship between the structure of the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids and their inhibitory effect on the growth of lettuce was investigated.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--isovaleryloxytetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (B), and (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--(-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (, 6, 12)-1-acetoxy--senecioyloxytetradeca-, 6, 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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In the seismic analysis of pile foundations the soil is often assumed to be an elastic material and the pressure at the soil pile interface is not limited during the analysis. This may result in a considerable error, as the computed pressure from an elastic analysis may go well beyond the ultimate lateral pressure of real soil. In fact, significant yielding at the soil-pile interface has been observed during real earthquakes, and also in laboratory tests. The yield zone is usually near the ground surface where the effect of inertial force due to the superstructure is higher. This yielding redefines the pile response, and in general cannot be ignored. In order to examine the effects of soil yielding on the internal pile response during earthquakes an approximate analysis is described in this paper which is an extension of a static method developed by the second author (1982) for the analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movement. This method is then used to investigate the effects of soil yielding on the internal response of piles through a comparative study in which real earthquakes are used. It is shown that for strong earthquakes and heavily loaded piles the soil yielding may considerably increase the amount of maximum pile moment developed in the pile. A marked difference in the effects of yielding on the pile moment and shear is observed and discussed.

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The interaction between a penetrating shaft and the surrounding soil media under impact loading is a frequently encountered phenomenon in geotechnical engineering. Examples of such dynamic soil/shaft interaction would include dynamic pile driving, standard penetration testing (SPT), and dynamic driven rod test. Presented in this paper is a novel approach, based on the principle of dynamic system identification, which enables identification of dynamic soil-pile interaction model parameters. The analytical transfer function, relating the output stress wave forms to the input stress wave forms in the soil/shaft system, is derived using the Laplace and Fourier Transform techniques and the one-dimensional wave propagation theories. A numerical solution algorithm based on a variation of gradient method is coded into a micro-computer based program to solve the frequency-dependent soil-pile interaction parameters (Smith model) : soil damping and soil spring stiffness. To further reduce the amount of computational effort required in the solution of the frequency-dependent dynamic soil properties, it is suggested that the solution be obtained for the first-mode natural frequency of the measured stress waves. The results obtained from this simplified solution algorithm, when compared with both numerical simulations and controlled laboratory tests, are reasonably acceptable. The proposed parameter identification technique offers a viable alternative data interpretation procedure for deducing pertinent Smith model parameters used frequently in pile driving analysis.

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  The distribution of sarcophytol-A in the Sarcophyton genus was investigated in seven samples belonging to S. glaucum ( samples), S. infundibulifurme ( samples), S. crassocaule (1 sample) and S. trocheliophorum (1 sample) that were collected on Ishigaki Island in Okinawa Prefecture. Sarcophytol-A was present in one sample each of S. glaucum and S. infundibulifurme. This study indicates that the composition of cembranoids in the Sarcophyton genus is not related with the respective species, but with the individual samples collected.

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The filtration compatibility of soil-geotextile systems has been assessed experimentally in the laboratory with the gradient-ratio test. A nonwoven geotextile was used against a variety of model soils that were prepared from glass beads. They exhibited a range of fines content, in both gap-graded and broadly-graded size distributions. Filter blinding and clogging, if it happens, occurs within hours of initiating unidirectional flow. The zone of soil above the geotextile that is influenced is relatively thin. In gap-graded soils, the movement of fine particles appears to occur at a conditioh of D₈₅/D₁₅>. A new dimensionless index is proposed to quantify the internal stability of gap-graded soils.

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Two effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors were isolated from tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus. Their structures were spectroscopically identified as ,-undeca-,-diene-,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (1) and ,-undeca-,-diene-,10-diynoic acid piperidide (). Both compounds had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on CYPA activity with IC₅₀ values of 10.0 ± 1. µM for compound 1 and . ± 0. µM for compound , and exhibited mechanism-based inhibition. This is the first reported isolation of effective CYP inhibitors from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) purchased from a Japanese market.

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(

3H

) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.

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The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N, '-N and -N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that '-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the -N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since -N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that '-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(') or AAC(6'), respectively, and '-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, -N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC() but -N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.

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This study was performed to clarify which factors affected damage to tame-ike (small embankment dams for irrigation) in Hokudan Town as a result of the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Factors were assumed to be : Location (.g., Distance to Epicenter, etc.), Structure (.g., Angle to Nearest Fault, Embankment Volume, etc.), Soil Properties of Embankment, Geology of Dam Site and History (Era of Construction, Repaired, etc.). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed for documentary data (damaged : 181, undamaged : 328). Ordinary statistical analyses were conducted for the data investigated in situ for soil properties of the embankment. The results show that the factors causing damage to dam are : (1) Nearest Fault (Nojima, Mizukoshi and D), () Distance to Nearest Fault (less than 500 m), () Distance to Epicenter (approximately to 14 km, which almost agrees with the location of seismic intensity 7 JMA), () Elevation of Dam Site (higher than 100 m), (5) Embankment Volume (the greater the volume the more damage was caused), (6) Direction of Dam Axis (normal or diagonal to the epicenter or to nearest the fault), (7) Plan View of Dam Axis ( or axes), () Surface Geology of Dam Site (non-cohesive soil type ground), () Era of Construction (prior to 1891) and (10) Soil Properties of Embankment (sand, not silty sand or gravel, penetration resistance that is 10% smaller than the undamaged dams).

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Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.

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性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.5nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•5±•5nmを読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量は1ngであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,7-

3H

-

E₂

-17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.

3

±11.7%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種

2

頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共

E₁

,

E₂

の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,

E₂

は

E₁

にくらべ全般に高値であった。また

E₃

は検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.

3

および

99.8ng

/l;

E₁5.9

および16.0ng/l,

E₂29.4

および

83.8ng

/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(

3

.

8

~

5.3ng

/l;

E₁1.6

および

1.9ng

/l,

E₂2.2

および

3.4ng

/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.1および27.0ng/l;

E₁2.4

および

3.4ng

/l,

E₂7.7

および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~

8

日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に

2

つのピークを形成することを認めた。

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Metabolism of body fluids and electrolytes which related not only to aldosterone alone but to other corticosteroids, for example, glucocorticoids had mineral action. And the simultaneous administration of aldosterone and corticosterone consistently resulted in a greater potassium diuresis than did the aldosterone alone.
Therefore, body fluids and electrolytes are aummation of many corticosteroids which had biological action, and can't know by the determination of simple corticosteroids.
The author report on the systemic determination of aldosterone, Comp. B, Comp. , Comp. , and the newly separated contaminants.
Method :
The 24 hours urine specimen is pooled at 5°C and acidified to pH 1.5 with conc. HCL, then standing 24 hours at 15°C.
Urine was extracted by chloroform and dried. Extract was treated with Florisil column chromatographies and consecutered and different paper chromatographies with Chloroform-Formamide System, Bush-C System, System, and Bush-B5 System, to separated corticosteroid partitions.
Results :
1. Recoveries of 5 mg/100 ml standard samples after 5 times continued extraction by 0.1 volume chloroform, for Comp. B, Comp. , and DOC is 95%, and Comp. is %.
. Additional chloroform re-extraction, Comp. B, Comp. , and DOG do not appear in the 7th chloroform extraction, but Comp. appear in the amount of 60μg in th chloroform and th extraction is nothing, thus this determination necessitate at least consecutered extractions.
. Comp. B, Comp. , and Comp. appear in 25% methanol in chloroform fraction by the use of the Florisil column chromatography is made, and recovery is about 100% in condition of 60 drops/minutes.
. Separate Comp. III, Comp. V, Comp. VI, and Comp. VII from aldosterone partition in Neher-Wettstein's method.
5. New contaminants were discover from Comp. and Comp. partition after Bush-C System paper chromatography, called Comp. -, Comp. ; and, other conatminants named M₁- Z₁-, HC₁-, and in Chloroform-Formamide and Bush-C System paper chromatography.
6. Examination of the purities of Comp. B, Comp. , Comp. , and aldosterone partitions is made use of the ultra violet absorption spectrum, and necessitates (C-→Bush-C→→Bush-B₅), or (C-→→Bush-B₅), paper chromatographies to satisfactorily separate these compounds.
7. The chromogen spectrum of these partition correspond with the standard compounds.

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The association between apolipoprotein (Apo-) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (/ 161, / 47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with / and those with / phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with / had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with /. The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with / and / by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of / predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.

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